Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Aging Research, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
Elife. 2020 Apr 20;9:e53900. doi: 10.7554/eLife.53900.
Being confident in whether a stimulus is present or absent (a detection judgment) is qualitatively distinct from being confident in the identity of that stimulus (a discrimination judgment). In particular, in detection, evidence can only be available for the presence, not the absence, of a target object. This asymmetry suggests that higher-order cognitive and neural processes may be required for confidence in detection, and more specifically, in judgments about absence. In a within-subject, pre-registered and performance-matched fMRI design, we observed quadratic confidence effects in frontopolar cortex for detection but not discrimination. Furthermore, in the right temporoparietal junction, confidence effects were enhanced for judgments of target absence compared to judgments of target presence. We interpret these findings as reflecting qualitative differences between a neural basis for metacognitive evaluation of detection and discrimination, potentially in line with counterfactual or higher-order models of confidence formation in detection.
对刺激是否存在（检测判断）有信心与对该刺激的身份有信心（辨别判断）在性质上是不同的。特别是在检测中，证据只能用于目标物体的存在，而不能用于不存在。这种不对称表明，对于检测的信心，以及更具体地说，对于不存在的判断，可能需要更高阶的认知和神经过程。在一项基于个体的、预先注册和表现匹配的 fMRI 设计中，我们观察到额极皮层在检测中存在二次置信效应，但在辨别中不存在。此外，在右颞顶联合区，与判断目标存在相比，判断目标不存在的置信度效应增强。我们将这些发现解释为反映了元认知评估检测和辨别时神经基础的定性差异，这可能与检测中信心形成的反事实或更高阶模型一致。
