Student, Department of Oral Diagnosis - Oral Radiology Area, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
Professor, Department of Oral Diagnosis - Oral Radiology Area, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2021 Mar;79(3):695.e1-695.e13. doi: 10.1016/j.joms.2020.11.024. Epub 2020 Nov 30.
As the hard palate is a central structure of the skull and is involved in orthodontic and surgical procedures, it would be of interest to study the morphological aspects of this bone and its possible variations as per different patterns of skeletal development. Thus, this study aimed to develop a classification for the different morphological characteristics of the hard palate and to evaluate the relationship between these characteristics and the different skeletal patterns, using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).
This retrospective and cross-sectional study used CBCT scans of patients seen from January 2014 to December 2016. Carestream Dental 3D Imaging software was applied to classify each patient according to vertical and sagittal skeletal patterns, and to evaluate the 3 morphological characteristics of the hard palate: depth (flat, regular, or deep), inclination (superior, parallel, or inferior), and presence of a bony projection (S-shaped). χ and Fisher's exact tests evaluated the relationship between the hard palate characteristics and the different skeletal patterns.
A total of 298 CBCT scans (144 males and 154 females) were evaluated. The depth of the hard palate was significantly related to both skeletal patterns in males (P < .05), with Class II and dolichocephalics presenting a greater amount of deep palates, while classes I and III and brachycephalics had a greater amount of regular palates. The inclination of the hard palate was significantly associated with the facial type in females (P < .05), with brachycephalics and mesocephalics presenting a greater amount of parallel palates, whereas dolichocephalics had a greater number of inferiorly inclined palates. Regarding the presence of the S-shape in the hard palate, there was a greater number of this projection in Class II males and brachycephalic females.
A morphological classification for the hard palate was developed. The morphology of the hard palate varied among the different skeletal patterns.
硬腭是颅骨的中心结构，参与正畸和外科手术，因此研究该骨的形态学特征及其在不同骨骼发育模式下的可能变异将是很有意义的。因此，本研究旨在通过锥形束 CT（CBCT）为硬腭的不同形态特征制定分类，并评估这些特征与不同骨骼模式之间的关系。
这是一项回顾性和横断面研究，使用了 2014 年 1 月至 2016 年 12 月期间就诊患者的 CBCT 扫描。使用 Carestream Dental 3D 成像软件根据垂直和矢状骨骼模式对每位患者进行分类，并评估硬腭的 3 种形态特征：深度（平坦、规则或深）、倾斜（上、平行或下）和是否存在骨性突起（S 形）。χ 检验和 Fisher 确切检验评估了硬腭特征与不同骨骼模式之间的关系。
共评估了 298 例 CBCT 扫描（144 例男性和 154 例女性）。男性硬腭的深度与两种骨骼模式均显著相关（P < 0.05），Ⅱ类和长头型患者的深腭较多，而Ⅰ类和Ⅲ类及短头型患者的规则腭较多。硬腭的倾斜度与女性的面型显著相关（P < 0.05），短头型和中头型患者的平行腭较多，而长头型患者的下倾腭较多。至于硬腭中 S 形的存在，Ⅱ类男性和短头型女性中这种突起的数量较多。
制定了硬腭的形态分类。不同骨骼模式之间硬腭的形态不同。
