School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China.
School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China.
J Dairy Sci. 2021 Mar;104(3):2581-2593. doi: 10.3168/jds.2020-19053. Epub 2020 Dec 25.
Milk fan is a cheese-like fermented milk product produced in Yunnan Province, China. In this study, we characterized the microbial communities of milk fan from 6 distinct geographical origins and investigated their generation of volatile organic compounds (VOC). The microbial communities found in all milk fan samples were dominated by Lactococcus, Lactobacillus, and Raoultella bacteria and Rhodotorula, Torulaspora, and Candida fungi. Samples from the Kunming and Weishan regions had greater bacterial richness, and samples from Xizhou had greater fungal community richness. Sixty prominent VOC (i.e., those having odor activity values ≥1), including esters, acids, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, and aromatic compounds, were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of milk fan samples. Pearson correlation analysis revealed that Lactobacillus, Rhodotorula, Lodderomyces, and Debaryomyces had significant correlations with various VOC, revealing a total of 13 compounds that are characteristic of the odor of milk fan. These bacteria and fungi are therefore identified as functional microorganisms that collectively create the complex VOC profile of milk fan. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the microbial community of milk fan and demonstrates its contribution to the unique aroma profile of this fermented milk product.
乳扇是中国云南省生产的一种奶酪状发酵乳制品。在本研究中，我们对来自 6 个不同地理来源的乳扇的微生物群落进行了表征，并研究了它们挥发性有机化合物 (VOC) 的产生。所有乳扇样品中发现的微生物群落主要由乳球菌、乳杆菌和罗特氏菌细菌以及红酵母属、毕赤酵母属和假丝酵母属真菌组成。来自昆明和巍山地区的样品具有更高的细菌丰富度，而来自喜洲地区的样品具有更高的真菌群落丰富度。通过对乳扇样品进行气相色谱-质谱分析，共鉴定出 60 种具有显著气味活性值（即≥1）的突出 VOC（酯类、酸类、醇类、醛类、酮类和芳香族化合物）。Pearson 相关性分析表明，乳杆菌、红酵母属、汉逊德巴利酵母属和德巴利酵母属与各种 VOC 显著相关，共鉴定出 13 种乳扇特有的气味化合物。这些细菌和真菌因此被鉴定为功能性微生物，它们共同构成了乳扇复杂的 VOC 特征。本研究全面概述了乳扇的微生物群落，并展示了其对这种发酵乳制品独特香气特征的贡献。
