Anti-cancer Therapeutic Approaches Group (ATAC), Rammal Rammal Laboratory, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Lebanon; Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Corso Europa 26, 16132, Genova, Italy.
Anti-cancer Therapeutic Approaches Group (ATAC), Rammal Rammal Laboratory, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Lebanon.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2021 Apr 6;269:113748. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113748. Epub 2020 Dec 24.
Rhus coriaria L. represents a herbal shrub that is used widely in traditional medicine in the Middle East region to treat different diseases including inflammation-related disorders. R. coriaria extracts have been well characterized in terms of their biological activities, pharmacological potential and phytochemical components. However, the effect of R. coriaria on neuro-inflammation has not been studied previously in detail.
In the present study, we performed a qualitative phytochemical analysis and investigated the antioxidant and anti-neuro-inflammatory potential of R. coriaria extracts on BV-2 microglial cells.
R. coriaria extracts were prepared using two different solvents: distilled water and ethanol. Phytochemical screening was performed to determine the principal bioactive components. The radical scavenging activity was assessed by DPPH method (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl). The effect of R. coriaria on neuro-inflammation was studied upon measuring the production of oxidative stress and inflammatory factors using DCF (2',7'-dichlorofluorescein) and Nitric oxide (NO) assays respectively, and by analyzing the mRNA (TNFα, IL-10, iNOS and COX-2) and protein (NFκβ) levels of genes involved BV-2 microglia cells-mediated inflammation using quantitative Real Time PCR and Western blot, respectively.
We found that R. coriaria extracts contain high phenolic and flavonoid contents. Interestingly, the ethanolic extract exerted a potent anti-inflammatory potential on insulted BV-2 cells manifested by: i) inhibition of Reactive Oxygen species (ROS) production and nitric oxide (NO) release; ii) suppressing TNFα, iNOS and COX-2 mRNA levels; iii) reducing NFκβ activation; and iiii) enhancing IL-10 transcription levels.
Our results indicate that the neuro-inflammation inhibitory activity of R. coriaria extracts involves the inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway. These findings suggest that R. coriaria might carry therapeutic potential against neurodegenerative diseases.
漆树代表一种草本灌木，在中东地区的传统医学中被广泛用于治疗包括炎症相关疾病在内的各种疾病。漆树提取物的生物活性、药理潜力和植物化学成分已经得到了很好的描述。然而，漆树对神经炎症的影响以前并没有被详细研究过。
在本研究中，我们进行了定性植物化学分析，并研究了漆树提取物对 BV-2 小胶质细胞的抗氧化和抗神经炎症潜力。
使用两种不同的溶剂：蒸馏水和乙醇来制备漆树提取物。进行植物化学筛选以确定主要的生物活性成分。通过 DPPH 法（2,2-二苯基-1-苦基肼）评估自由基清除活性。通过 DCF（2',7'-二氯荧光素）和一氧化氮（NO）测定分别测量氧化应激和炎症因子的产生，以及通过定量实时 PCR 和 Western blot 分析涉及 BV-2 小胶质细胞介导的炎症的基因的 mRNA（TNFα、IL-10、iNOS 和 COX-2）和蛋白质（NFκβ）水平，来研究漆树对神经炎症的影响。
我们发现漆树提取物含有高含量的酚类和类黄酮。有趣的是，乙醇提取物对受刺激的 BV-2 细胞表现出强大的抗炎潜力，表现为：i）抑制活性氧（ROS）的产生和一氧化氮（NO）的释放；ii）抑制 TNFα、iNOS 和 COX-2 mRNA 水平；iii）降低 NFκβ的激活；iiii）增加 IL-10 的转录水平。
我们的结果表明，漆树提取物的神经炎症抑制活性涉及 NF-κB 信号通路的抑制。这些发现表明，漆树可能具有治疗神经退行性疾病的潜力。
