Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China.
Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China.
Waste Manag. 2021 Feb 15;121:127-140. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.12.002. Epub 2020 Dec 24.
To comprehensively investigate the application of membrane separation technology in the treatment of landfill leachate in China, the performance of nearly 200 waste management enterprises of different sizes in China were analyzed, with an emphasis on their scale, regional features, processes, and economic characteristics. It was found that membrane separation technologies, mainly nanofiltration (NF), reverse osmosis (RO), and NF + RO, have been used in China since 2004. The treatment capacity of the two most dominant membrane separation technologies, i.e., NF and RO, were both almost 60,000 m/d in 2018, and both technologies are widely used in landfills and incineration plants. Their distribution is mainly concentrated in eastern and southwestern China, where the amount of municipal solid waste (MSW) is relatively high and the economy is developing rapidly. Membrane separation technology is the preferred technique for the advanced treatment of leachate because more contaminants can be effectively removed by the technology than by other advanced processes. However, the membrane retentate that is produced using this technology-commonly known as leachate concentrate-is heavily contaminated due to the enrichment of almost all the inorganic anions, heavy metals, and organic matter that remain after bioprocessing. An economic cost analysis revealed that the operating cost of membrane separation technology has stabilized and is between 1.77 USD/m and 4.90 USD/m; electricity consumption is the most expensive cost component. This review describes the current problems with the use of membrane separation technology and recommends strategies and solutions for its future use.
为了全面研究膜分离技术在中国垃圾渗滤液处理中的应用，分析了中国近 200 家不同规模的废物管理企业的性能，重点是它们的规模、地域特征、工艺和经济特征。研究发现，自 2004 年以来，中国就已经开始使用膜分离技术，主要包括纳滤（NF）、反渗透（RO）和 NF+RO。2018 年，两种最主要的膜分离技术（NF 和 RO）的处理能力均接近 6 万 m³/d，且这两种技术在垃圾填埋场和焚烧厂中都得到了广泛应用。它们的分布主要集中在中国东部和西南部，这些地区的城市固体废物（MSW）数量相对较高，经济发展迅速。膜分离技术是渗滤液深度处理的首选技术，因为与其他高级工艺相比，该技术可以更有效地去除更多的污染物。然而，使用该技术产生的膜截留物（通常称为渗滤液浓缩物）受到严重污染，因为经过生物处理后，几乎所有的无机阴离子、重金属和有机物都得到了浓缩。经济成本分析表明，膜分离技术的运行成本已经稳定，在 1.77 美元/m³到 4.90 美元/m³之间；电费是最昂贵的成本组成部分。本综述描述了膜分离技术应用中存在的问题，并为其未来应用提出了策略和解决方案。
