Department of Sanitation and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Avenue Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha, MG, Brazil.
Department of Sanitation and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Avenue Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha, MG, Brazil.
J Environ Manage. 2021 Jun 15;288:112475. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112475. Epub 2021 Apr 7.
The necessity for landfill leachate treatment is a requisite to reduce the environmental impact related to municipal solid waste landfills and different aspects must be considered while deciding for an appropriate treatment process. For example, it was demonstrated that the landfill leachate stabilization in tropical regions is achieved right after its first year of operation, requiring technologies capable of treating leachates of a higher recalcitrant character if compared to those leachates from temperate regions and same landfill age. In view of its complexity and variability, stand-alone processes (either biological or physicochemical) are often ineffective in attaining the threshold values for its discharge in receiving bodies. Due to that fact, full-scale facilities have adopted integrated routes, harvesting the benefits of both biological and physicochemical processes. The implementation of membrane bioreactors followed by polishing membrane separation process (nanofiltration and reverse osmosis) seems to be a trend in leachate treatment by full-scale treatment plants. This technology is widely employed in China, European countries, and tropical countries as Brazil, generally with a treatment cost lower than the costs related to its disposal in domestic effluent collection systems. From the technologies already employed by full-scale facilities, four integrated routes were proposed for a sensitive analysis considering the treatment of a landfill leachate of different physicochemical characteristics. From all routes, those employing the membrane separation process as a polishing step had a better efficacy in attaining the threshold values for leachate disposal, being that an interesting alternative for leachate polishing by full-scale facilities.
垃圾渗滤液处理的必要性是减少与城市固体废物填埋场相关的环境影响的必要条件，在决定合适的处理工艺时必须考虑到各个方面。例如，已经证明，在热带地区，垃圾渗滤液在运行的第一年就得到了稳定，需要能够处理比温带地区和相同填埋场年龄的渗滤液更具抗降解性特征的渗滤液的技术。鉴于其复杂性和可变性，独立的工艺（生物或物理化学）通常无法达到在受纳水体中排放的阈值。由于这一事实，大型设施已经采用了综合路线，从生物和物理化学过程中都获得了好处。膜生物反应器与膜分离工艺（纳滤和反渗透）的后处理相结合似乎是大型处理厂处理渗滤液的一种趋势。该技术在中国、欧洲国家和巴西等热带国家得到广泛应用，其处理成本通常低于将其排放到国内废水收集系统的相关成本。从大型设施已经采用的技术中，提出了四种综合路线进行了敏感性分析，考虑了不同理化特性的垃圾渗滤液的处理。在所有路线中，那些将膜分离工艺作为抛光步骤的路线在达到渗滤液处理的阈值方面具有更好的效果，这是大型设施对渗滤液进行抛光的一种很有吸引力的选择。
