Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 40 Blossom Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA, Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa, Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
Eur Cytokine Netw. 2020 Sep 1;31(3):81-93. doi: 10.1684/ecn.2020.0451.
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) reached pandemic proportions at the beginning of 2020 and continues to be a worldwide concern. End organ damage and acute respiratory distress syndrome are the leading causes of death in severely or critically ill patients. The elevated cytokine levels in severe patients in comparison with mildly affected patients suggest that cytokine release syndrome (CRS) occurs in the severe form of the disease. In this paper, the significant role of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-alpha, and their mechanism of action in the CRS cascade is explained. Potential therapeutic approaches involving anti-IL-6 and anti-TNF-alpha antibodies to fight COVID-19 and reduce mortality rate in severe cases are also discussed.
冠状病毒病（COVID-19）在 2020 年初达到大流行程度，仍然是全球关注的问题。终末器官损伤和急性呼吸窘迫综合征是重症或危重症患者死亡的主要原因。与轻度感染患者相比，重症患者的细胞因子水平升高表明细胞因子释放综合征（CRS）发生在疾病的严重形式中。在本文中，解释了促炎细胞因子（包括 IL-1、IL-6 和 TNF-α）的重要作用及其在 CRS 级联反应中的作用机制。还讨论了涉及抗 IL-6 和抗 TNF-α 抗体的潜在治疗方法，以对抗 COVID-19 并降低重症病例的死亡率。
