School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tabriz, Iran.
Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa; Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Boston, MA, USA.
Life Sci. 2020 Sep 1;256:117900. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117900. Epub 2020 Jun 2.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a novel highly contagious infection caused by SARS-CoV-2, which has been became a global public health challenge. The pathogenesis of this virus is not yet clearly understood, but there is evidence of a hyper-inflammatory immune response in critically ill patients, which leads to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multi-organ failure.
A literature review was performed to identify relevant articles on COVID-19 published up to April 30, 2020. The search resulted in 361 total articles. After reviewing the titles and abstracts for inclusion, some irrelevant papers were excluded. Additional relevant articles were identified from a review of citations referenced.
SARS-CoV-2, directly and indirectly, affects the immune system and avoids being eliminated in early stages. On the other hand, the secretion of inflammatory cytokines creates critical conditions that lead to multi-organ failure.
The immune system which is affected by the virus tries to respond via a cytokine storm and hyperinflammation, which itself leads to further multi-organ damage and even death.
新型冠状病毒病（COVID-19）是由 SARS-CoV-2 引起的新型高传染性感染，已成为全球公共卫生挑战。该病毒的发病机制尚不清楚，但有证据表明重症患者存在过度炎症免疫反应，导致急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）和多器官衰竭。
对截至 2020 年 4 月 30 日发表的有关 COVID-19 的相关文献进行了综述。检索共得到 361 篇文章。在对纳入的标题和摘要进行审查后，排除了一些不相关的论文。通过对参考文献的回顾，确定了其他相关文章。
SARS-CoV-2 直接和间接影响免疫系统，并在早期避免被清除。另一方面，炎症细胞因子的分泌造成了导致多器官衰竭的危急条件。
受病毒影响的免疫系统试图通过细胞因子风暴和过度炎症来做出反应，而这本身又会导致进一步的多器官损伤甚至死亡。
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