Qiu Dan, Li Yilu, Li Ling, He Jun, Ouyang Feiyun, Xiao Shuiyuan
Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China.
Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Changsha, China.
Front Psychiatry. 2020 Dec 11;11:588137. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.588137. eCollection 2020.
In response to the potentially concurrent mental health crisis due to the COVID-19 outbreak, there have been ongoing mental health policies put in place in China. This review aims to systematically synthesize the implemented national-level mental health policies released by the Chinese government during the COVID-19 outbreak, and summarize the implementation of those mental health policies. Six databases and two websites were systematically searched, including published studies and gray literature published between December 1, 2019 and October 29, 2020. A total of 40 studies were included. Among them, 19 were national-level policies on mental health released by the Chinese government, and 21 studies reported data on the implementation of those mental health policies. Mental health policies were issued for COVID-19 patients, suspected cases, medical staff, the general population, patients with mental illness, and mental institutions. In the early stage of the COVID-19 epidemic, attention was paid to psychological crisis intervention. In the later stage of the epidemic, the government focused mainly on psychological rehabilitation. During the COVID-19 outbreak, more than 500 psychiatrists from all over China were sent to Wuhan, about 625 hotlines were notified in 31 provinces, several online psychological consultation platforms were established, social software such as TikTok, Weibo, and WeChat were used for psychological education, and many books on mental health were published. Responding quickly, maximizing the use of resources, and emphasizing the importance of policy evaluation and implementation quality were characteristics of the mental health policies developed during the COVID-19 outbreak. Challenges facing China include a low rate of mental health service utilization, a lack of evaluation data on policy effects, and no existing national-level emergency response system and designated workforce to provide psychological crisis interventions during a national emergency or disaster. This review suggests that China has responded quickly and comprehensively to a possible mental health crisis during the COVID-19 outbreak, appropriate mental health policies were released for different members of the population. As the epidemic situation continues to change, the focus of mental health policies has been adjusted accordingly. However, we should note that there has been a lack of separate policies for specific mental health issues during the COVID-19 outbreak.
为应对因新冠疫情爆发可能并发的心理健康危机，中国已出台一系列持续实施的心理健康政策。本综述旨在系统整合中国政府在新冠疫情期间发布的已实施的国家级心理健康政策，并总结这些心理健康政策的实施情况。系统检索了六个数据库和两个网站，包括2019年12月1日至2020年10月29日期间发表的研究和灰色文献。共纳入40项研究。其中，19项是中国政府发布的国家级心理健康政策，21项研究报告了这些心理健康政策的实施数据。针对新冠患者、疑似病例、医护人员、普通民众、精神疾病患者和精神机构发布了心理健康政策。在新冠疫情早期，重点关注心理危机干预。在疫情后期，政府主要关注心理康复。新冠疫情期间，来自全国各地的500多名精神科医生被派往武汉，31个省份公布了约625条热线，建立了多个在线心理咨询平台，利用抖音、微博和微信等社交软件进行心理健康教育，并出版了许多心理健康方面的书籍。快速响应、最大限度利用资源以及强调政策评估和实施质量的重要性是新冠疫情期间制定的心理健康政策的特点。中国面临的挑战包括心理健康服务利用率低、缺乏政策效果评估数据，以及在国家紧急情况或灾难期间没有现有的国家级应急系统和指定的工作人员提供心理危机干预。本综述表明，中国在新冠疫情期间对可能出现的心理健康危机做出了迅速而全面的反应，针对不同人群发布了适当的心理健康政策。随着疫情形势不断变化，心理健康政策的重点也相应进行了调整。然而，我们应该注意到，在新冠疫情期间缺乏针对特定心理健康问题的单独政策。
