Xiao Huiwen, Lin Rongmao, Wu Qiaoling, Shen Saili, Yan Youwei
School of Psychology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China.
Guilin University of Aerospace Technology, Guilin, China.
Front Psychol. 2020 Dec 10;11:608676. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.608676. eCollection 2020.
The Negative Problem Orientation Questionnaire (NPOQ) is a widely used tool for assessing negative problem orientation (NPO). However, its construct and measurement invariance has not been adequately tested in adolescents. The present study explored the possible construct of the NPOQ and its measurement invariance in a sample of 754 Chinese adolescents (51.6% girls, all 12-18 years old). The results supported a bifactor model of the NPOQ that consists of a general factor NPO and three domain-specific factors including perceived threat, self-inefficacy, and negative outcome expectancy. A multiple-group CFA indicated that the bifactor model showed strict invariance across gender and age. The general and domain factors showed unique variance in indexes of worry, depression, anxiety, and stress, which supported well incremental validity of them. This study confirms for a bifactor conceptualization of the NPOQ and its measurement invariance across gender and age in Chinese adolescents. Additionally, it is recommended that the total score should be used to assess NPO in Chinese adolescents.
消极问题取向问卷（NPOQ）是一种广泛用于评估消极问题取向（NPO）的工具。然而，其结构和测量不变性在青少年中尚未得到充分检验。本研究在754名中国青少年样本（51.6%为女孩，年龄均在12 - 18岁之间）中探讨了NPOQ可能的结构及其测量不变性。结果支持了NPOQ的双因素模型，该模型由一个一般因素NPO和三个特定领域因素组成，包括感知威胁、自我效能感低下和消极结果预期。多组验证性因素分析表明，双因素模型在性别和年龄上表现出严格不变性。一般因素和领域因素在担忧、抑郁、焦虑和压力指标上表现出独特的方差，这很好地支持了它们的增量效度。本研究证实了NPOQ的双因素概念化及其在中国青少年中跨性别和年龄的测量不变性。此外，建议使用总分来评估中国青少年的NPO。
