Overcoming Barriers in Clinical Acupuncture Research: Translating Clinical Practice into Fundamental Science.

The translation of clinical practice into research presents unique challenges. This is especially the case in evaluating the effect of interventions in the management of chronic conditions such as pain, mental health, substance misuse, and oncology care. Chronic complex conditions might respond to different strategies at different points in time and may require an interdisciplinary approach to treatment. To define the key barriers to the design, implementation, and evaluation of clinical trials of acupuncture that derive from a unidirectional translational research strategy. Critical challenges to the design, implementation, and evaluation of clinical trials of acupuncture center around four areas: (1) insufficient early phase research, (2) suboptimal treatment protocols, (3) inadequate research questions, and 4) a narrowed assessment of outcomes. By promoting research priorities that reflect the complex nature of chronic illness, we can more clearly articulate research questions that better reflect clinical practice, while evaluating the impact of acupuncture in patient care. Key priorities include phase I research funding opportunities, pragmatic trials that evaluate acupuncture embedded in interprofessional teams, and the inclusion of hypothesis-driven secondary outcomes.