Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
'Immacolata Concezione' Hospital, Piove di Sacco, Italy.
J Periodontal Res. 2021 Apr;56(2):363-369. doi: 10.1111/jre.12828. Epub 2020 Dec 23.
Our aim was to estimate the prevalence of gingival overgrowth (hyperplasia) and to determine whether active molecules affect the severity of overgrowth in a group of epileptic patients.
The effects of phenytoin on oral health have been explored in different studies, yet little information is available on other antiepileptic drugs.
Data were collected from 213 subjects of both sexes, from 5 to 80 years. Patients taking the same antiepileptic therapy for at least 1 year and meeting the inclusion criteria of the study (n = 162) were subjected to measurement of gingival overgrowth according to the modified Harris and Ewalt classification and O'Leary's plaque control record (OLR). Descriptive statistics were calculated. Data were analyzed using Pearson's r correlation coefficient and chi-square test. Significance level was set at 5%.
The active drugs lamotrigine, oxcarbazepine, and phenobarbital were significantly associated with gingival overgrowth in 61%, 71%, and 53% of cases, respectively, and phenytoin, valproic acid, and carbamazepine in 50%, 44%, and 32% of cases, respectively.
Different antiepileptic molecules may be related to gingival overgrowth. In addition to phenytoin, also lamotrigine, oxcarbazepine, and phenobarbital were associated with increased prevalence of gingival overgrowth. In the management of epileptic patients, dentists should take into account different drugs as possible causes for gingival overgrowth and warn for possible alternatives.
我们旨在评估牙龈增生（增生）的患病率，并确定活性分子是否会影响一组癫痫患者的增生严重程度。
已有多项研究探讨了苯妥英钠对口腔健康的影响，但关于其他抗癫痫药物的信息很少。
从 213 名 5 至 80 岁的男女患者中收集数据。接受相同抗癫痫治疗至少 1 年且符合研究纳入标准的患者（n=162）根据改良 Harris 和 Ewalt 分类和 O'Leary 菌斑控制记录（OLR）测量牙龈增生。计算描述性统计数据。使用 Pearson r 相关系数和卡方检验分析数据。显著性水平设定为 5%。
活性药物拉莫三嗪、奥卡西平、苯巴比妥与 61%、71%和 53%的病例中的牙龈增生显著相关，而苯妥英钠、丙戊酸钠和卡马西平与 50%、44%和 32%的病例中的牙龈增生显著相关。
不同的抗癫痫药物可能与牙龈增生有关。除了苯妥英钠，拉莫三嗪、奥卡西平和苯巴比妥也与牙龈增生的患病率增加有关。在管理癫痫患者时，牙医应考虑不同的药物作为可能引起牙龈增生的原因，并警告可能的替代药物。
