Division of Cardiology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
Echocardiography. 2020 Dec;37(12):2172-2184. doi: 10.1111/echo.14646.
Atrial septal defects (ASD) are among the most common congenital heart diseases encountered in adulthood. Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is present in up to 25% of the population. ASD could present as isolated lesion or in association with more complex congenital heart disease form as tetralogy of Fallot, or Ebstein's anomaly of tricuspid valve. There is a wide range of clinical presentation ranging from asymptomatic subjects surviving to adulthood undiagnosed to subjects presenting with right heart failure and severe pulmonary vascular disease (Eisenmenger syndrome). This manuscript is an in depth review of the complex atrial septation, the variable clinical presentation of ASD and PFO, and its clinical and therapeutic implications.
房间隔缺损 (ASD) 是成年人中最常见的先天性心脏病之一。卵圆孔未闭 (PFO) 在人群中高达 25%。ASD 可以单独存在，也可以与更复杂的先天性心脏病形式共存，如法洛四联症或三尖瓣下移畸形。临床表现范围广泛，从无症状的成年患者到无症状但未被诊断的患者，到右心衰竭和严重肺血管疾病（艾森曼格综合征）的患者。本文深入探讨了复杂的房间隔、ASD 和 PFO 的可变临床表现及其临床和治疗意义。
