Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Hanoi National University of Education, Caugiay, Hanoi, Vietnam.
Centre for Aquaculture Biotechnology, Research Institute for Aquaculture No. 1, Tuson, Bacninh, Vietnam.
J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl). 2021 Jul;105(4):766-776. doi: 10.1111/jpn.13490. Epub 2020 Dec 26.
This study aimed to examine the effects of ethanol-soluble components (Es) in soybean meal (SBM) on gut content transit, bile acid (BA) and pancreatic digestive enzyme secretions, nutrient apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC), liver and intestinal morphologies, and growth performance of pompano (Trachinotus blochii). The SBM was extracted with aqueous ethanol, then the supernatant and residue were separated and dried to produce ethanol-extracted SBM (ESBM) and the Es. Four experimental diets were formulated with fish meal (FM), ESBM and SBM as main dietary protein sources. The diets were denoted as follows: FMD (FM diet), SBMD (SBM diet), ESBMD (ESBM diet) and ESBM + EsD (ESBM plus Es diet). Thirty-five fingerling pompano with an initial body weight (BW) of 18.3 g were allocated to each of 12 polyvinyl chloride tanks (1000-L holding capacity), resulting in triplicate tanks per dietary treatment. For 10 weeks, the fish were hand-fed the experimental diets to apparent satiation twice daily. The results showed that the final BW, weight gain and specific growth rate were significantly lower, while the feed conversion ratio was higher in the SBMD and ESBM + EsD groups than in the ESBMD and FMD groups (p < 0.05). Fish fed SBMD and ESBM + EsD showed accelerated gastric transit, slowed intestinal mobility, and lowered secretions of BAs and pancreatic digestive enzymes as compared to those fed ESBMD and FMD. Morphological abnormalities in mucosal folds of the posterior intestine, but not the liver, were clearly observed in the SBMD and ESBM + EsD groups. These results indicated that the Es in SBM inhibited the digestive system, leading to decreased nutrient digestibility and growth performance in pompano. The findings of the present study suggested that removal of the Es would effectively improve the nutritional quality of SBM and enhance growth performance of pompano fed a SBM-based diet.
本研究旨在探讨大豆粕（SBM）中乙醇可溶成分（Es）对肠道内容物转运、胆汁酸（BA）和胰腺消化酶分泌、养分表观消化率系数（ADC）、肝脏和肠道形态以及卵形鲳鲹生长性能的影响。用含水乙醇提取 SBM，然后分离并干燥上清液和残渣，分别得到乙醇提取 SBM（ESBM）和 Es。四种实验饲料以鱼粉（FM）、ESBM 和 SBM 为主要蛋白质来源。这些饲料分别命名为 FMD（FM 饲料）、SBMD（SBM 饲料）、ESBMD（ESBM 饲料）和 ESBM+EsD（ESBM 加 Es 饲料）。将 35 尾初始体重（BW）为 18.3g 的卵形鲳鲹幼鱼分配到 12 个聚氯乙烯罐（1000-L 容量）中，每个处理 3 个重复。10 周内，每天两次用实验饲料对鱼进行人工投喂，直至饱食为止。结果表明，SBMD 和 ESBM+EsD 组的终重、增重和特定生长率显著低于 ESBMD 和 FMD 组，而饲料转化率则高于 ESBMD 和 FMD 组（p<0.05）。与 ESBMD 和 FMD 组相比，SBMD 和 ESBM+EsD 组鱼的胃排空加速，肠道运动减缓，BA 和胰腺消化酶分泌减少。与 ESBMD 和 FMD 组相比，SBMD 和 ESBM+EsD 组后肠黏膜褶皱的形态异常更为明显，但肝脏无明显异常。这些结果表明，SBM 中的 Es 抑制了消化系统，导致卵形鲳鲹对养分的消化率降低，生长性能下降。本研究结果表明，去除 Es 可有效提高 SBM 的营养价值，提高卵形鲳鲹对 SBM 饲料的生长性能。
