Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Hanoi National University of Education, Caugiay, Hanoi, Vietnam.
Centre for Aquaculture Biotechnology, Research Institute for Aquaculture No.1, Tuson, Bacninh, Vietnam.
J Anim Sci. 2020 Dec 1;98(12). doi: 10.1093/jas/skaa367.
A 16-wk growth trial was conducted to examine the effects of dietary replacement of fish meal by defatted soybean meal (SBM) and fermented soybean meal (FSBM) with taurine supplementation on growth performance, nutrient apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) and biological parameters of pompano fish. The FSBM was produced by fermenting SBM with Lactobacillus spp. Seven isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated to replace 35% or 50% of fish meal by SBM or FSBM with taurine supplementation. The diets are denoted as follows: FM, SBM35, SBM35T, FSBM35T, SBM50, SBM50T, and FSBM50T. The FM (the basal diet) contained fish meal as a main source of dietary protein. Taurine was supplemented to SBM35T, FSBM35T, SBM50T, and FSBM50T at the level of 15 g/kg diet. Pompano juveniles with an initial body weight (BW) of 80 g reared in floating net cages were fed the experimental diets twice daily for 16 wk. Results showed that the final BW, weight gain, and feed conversion ratio of fish fed SBM35 and SBM50 were significantly lower than those of fish fed FM (P < 0.05), indicating that the replacement of fish meal by SBM at the rate of 35% in the diet is excessive for pompano. Supplementation of taurine to the SBM-included diets significantly increased growth performance and feed utilization (P < 0.05); however, these diets did not restore the performance back to a level equivalent to that of fish offered the basal diet. Meanwhile, fish fed FSBM35T had comparable growth and feed performances to those fed FM. Hematocrit values, total biliary bile acid levels, whole body lipid contents, and tissue taurine concentrations of fish fed SBM35 and SBM50 were the lowest among the treatments, but these parameters were improved by taurine supplementation and FSBM inclusion in the diet. Taurine supplementation increased lipid ADC, and SBM fermentation slightly enhanced both lipid and protein ADCs of the fish. These findings suggest that the combination of FSBM and taurine supplementation is an effective way to improve growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and biological parameters, and that FSBM with taurine supplementation can replace 35% of fish meal in pompano diets without any negative effects on growth and feed performances in a long-term feeding period.
进行了为期 16 周的生长试验，以研究在添加牛磺酸的情况下，用脱脂豆粕（SBM）和发酵豆粕（FSBM）替代鱼粉对金鲳鱼生长性能、养分表观消化率系数（ADC）和生物学参数的影响。FSBM 是通过用乳酸菌发酵 SBM 制成的。设计了 7 种等氮和等能的饲料，用 SBM 或 FSBM 替代 35%或 50%的鱼粉，并添加牛磺酸。这些饲料分别表示为：FM、SBM35、SBM35T、FSBM35T、SBM50、SBM50T 和 FSBM50T。FM（基础饲料）含有鱼粉作为饲料中蛋白质的主要来源。SBM35T、FSBM35T、SBM50T 和 FSBM50T 中的牛磺酸添加量为 15 g/kg 饲料。初始体重（BW）为 80 g 的金鲳幼鱼在浮动网笼中饲养，每天喂养两次实验饲料 16 周。结果表明，SBM35 和 SBM50 组的终重、增重和饲料转化率显著低于 FM 组（P<0.05），表明饲料中 SBM 替代鱼粉的比例为 35%，对金鲳鱼来说过高。在 SBM 饲料中添加牛磺酸显著提高了生长性能和饲料利用率（P<0.05）；然而，这些饲料并不能使性能恢复到基础饲料的水平。同时，SBM35T 组的金鲳鱼生长和饲料性能与 FM 组相当。SBM35 和 SBM50 组的红细胞压积值、总胆汁酸水平、全身脂肪含量和组织牛磺酸浓度最低，但通过添加牛磺酸和在饲料中添加 FSBM 可以改善这些参数。牛磺酸补充剂增加了脂肪 ADC，SBM 发酵略微提高了鱼类的脂肪和蛋白质 ADC。这些发现表明，FSBM 与牛磺酸补充剂相结合是一种有效的方法，可以提高生长性能、养分消化率和生物学参数，并且在长期饲养期间，添加牛磺酸的 FSBM 可以替代 35%的鱼粉，而不会对生长和饲料性能产生任何负面影响。
