Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Science, Knowledge University, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
Department of Anthropology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland.
ANZ J Surg. 2021 May;91(5):837-840. doi: 10.1111/ans.16429. Epub 2020 Dec 24.
For several decades, anatomists and biological anthropologists have made an intensive study in anatomical variations in ancestral and living humans. While many anatomical variants do not require clinical attention, some may present diagnostic problems or augur adverse symptoms. It is only in the last few decades that a plausible argument has been made that anatomical changes in human individuals and lineages demonstrate ongoing microevolution. Since the mid-19th century, there has been a reduction in differential mortality. Increased variation of heritable traits is a consequential outcome of relaxation of natural selection. Consequently, this has contributed to various anatomical variations in musculo-skeletal anatomy, vascular anatomy as well as congenital disorders such as spina bifida occulta. The authors argue that surgeons and anatomists should improve their knowledge of evolution and its continuing influence on human morphology. Simply repeating the old mantra that anatomical variations are important because knowledge of them minimizes surgical complications, albeit important, is inadequate.
几十年来，解剖学家和生物人类学家对祖先和现代人类的解剖变异进行了深入研究。虽然许多解剖变异不需要临床关注，但有些可能会出现诊断问题或预示着不良症状。直到最近几十年，才有一个合理的论点认为，人类个体和谱系的解剖变化表明正在发生微观进化。自 19 世纪中叶以来，差异死亡率有所下降。可遗传特征的变异增加是自然选择放松的必然结果。因此，这导致了肌肉骨骼解剖、血管解剖以及诸如隐性脊柱裂等先天性疾病的各种解剖变异。作者认为，外科医生和解剖学家应该提高他们对进化及其对人类形态持续影响的认识。仅仅重复旧的口号，即解剖变异很重要，因为了解它们可以最大程度地减少手术并发症，尽管这很重要，但还不够。
