Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, degli Alimenti e dell'Ambiente, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf. 2021 Mar;20(2):1829-1856. doi: 10.1111/1541-4337.12693. Epub 2020 Dec 24.
The purpose of the work was to provide an overview on craft beer. Details and issues concerning history and legal definition market, fiscal policy, innovation, safety, healthiness, consumer profile, and sustainability are supplied. The term "craft brewery" generally refers to a brewery able to produce low volumes of beer, often made with traditional ingredients-for emulating historic styles-but also with the addition of nontraditional ingredients as a distinctiveness sign of the master brewer. In many countries, the importance of the company size is related to the opportunity to take advantage of reduced excise rates for low production volumes. In several countries, another important requisite of a craft brewery is represented by its independence from other alcohol industry members. Even in the presence of a great heterogeneity of the size of craft breweries in the various countries, their number in the world is around 17,000. Craft beer is mainly consumed in restaurants and bars. Innovation of craft beer concerns aspects, such as ingredients, alcohol content, aging, and packaging, and the profile of the typical craft beer drinker is that of a young man, with a higher education and a medium-high income. Craft beers are often not filtered/not pasteurized and, for these reasons, they are beverages rich in health compounds but with a reduced shelf life. As in the case of larger breweries, the environmental impact of craft breweries is mainly represented by water consumption and production of liquid and solid wastes.
本文旨在提供关于精酿啤酒的概述。文中详细介绍了历史和法律定义、市场、财政政策、创新、安全性、健康、消费者特征和可持续性等方面的问题。“精酿啤酒厂”一词通常是指能够生产低批量啤酒的啤酒厂，通常使用传统的原料——模仿历史风格——但也可以添加非传统的原料，以作为酿酒师独特性的标志。在许多国家，公司规模的重要性与利用低产量降低消费税的机会有关。在许多国家，精酿啤酒厂的另一个重要要求是其独立于其他酒精行业成员。即使在不同国家的精酿啤酒厂规模存在很大的异质性，其在全球的数量约为 17000 家。精酿啤酒主要在餐厅和酒吧消费。精酿啤酒的创新涉及到原料、酒精含量、陈酿和包装等方面，典型的精酿啤酒消费者是年轻人，受过高等教育，收入中等偏上。精酿啤酒通常不经过过滤/巴氏杀菌，由于这些原因，它们是富含健康化合物但保质期较短的饮料。与大型啤酒厂一样，精酿啤酒厂的环境影响主要体现在耗水量和液体及固体废物的产生上。
