C.R. Fernández is assistant professor, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1557-0041 .
D. Silva is professor, Department of Pediatrics, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Acad Med. 2021 Jun 1;96(6):788-791. doi: 10.1097/ACM.0000000000003904.
As protests against racism occur all over the United States and medical institutions face calls to incorporate antiracism and health equity curricula into professional training and patient care, the antiracism discourse has largely occurred through a Black/African American and White lens. Hispanics, an umbrella category created by the U.S. government to include all people of Spanish-speaking descent, are the largest minority group in the country. Hispanics are considered an ethnic rather than a racial group, although some Hispanics self-identify their race in terms of their ethnicity and/or country of origin while other Hispanics self-identify with any of the 5 racial categories used by the U.S. government (White, Black/African American, American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, or Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander). Expanding the antiracism discourse in medicine to include Hispanic perspectives and the diversity of histories and health outcomes among Hispanic groups is crucial to addressing inequities and disparities in health and medical training. A lack of inclusion of Hispanics has contributed to a growing shortage of Hispanic physicians and medical school faculty in the United States as well as discrimination against Hispanic physicians, trainees, and patients. To reverse this negative trend and advance a health care equity and antiracist agenda, the authors offer steps that medical schools, academic medical centers, and medical accreditation and licensing bodies must take to increase the representation of Hispanics and foster their engagement in this evolving antiracism discourse.
随着美国各地发生反对种族主义的抗议活动，医疗机构也面临着将反种族主义和健康公平课程纳入专业培训和患者护理的呼吁，反种族主义的讨论主要是通过黑人/非裔美国人和白人的视角进行的。西班牙裔是美国政府创造的一个总称，包括所有讲西班牙语的人，是该国最大的少数族裔群体。西班牙裔被认为是一个族裔群体，而不是一个种族群体，尽管一些西班牙裔人根据自己的族裔和/或原籍国来确定自己的种族，而另一些西班牙裔人则认同美国政府使用的 5 个种族类别（白种人、黑种人/非裔美国人、美国印第安人或阿拉斯加原住民、亚洲人或夏威夷原住民或其他太平洋岛民）。将医学中的反种族主义论述扩展到包括西班牙裔的观点以及西班牙裔群体的历史和健康结果的多样性，对于解决健康和医学培训方面的不平等和差异至关重要。由于缺乏对西班牙裔的包容，导致美国的西班牙裔医生和医学院教师严重短缺，以及对西班牙裔医生、受训者和患者的歧视。为了扭转这种负面趋势，推进医疗保健公平和反种族主义议程，作者提出了医学院、学术医疗中心以及医学认证和许可机构必须采取的步骤，以增加西班牙裔的代表性，并促进他们参与这一不断发展的反种族主义论述。
