Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London, 103 Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, UK.
Psychiatr Danub. 2020 Autumn-Winter;32(3-4):334-345. doi: 10.24869/psyd.2020.334.
The prevalence of the three main eating disorders (EDs) anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge eating disorder (BED) is increasing, and a growing number of patients with EDs is seeking professional help. Thus, there is a need for additional treatment strategies in EDs. The aim of this review was to summarize the literature on the benefits and risks of music as well as the evidence for its therapeutic application in people with EDs.
Following the PRISMA guidelines, we performed a systematic literature review on scientific studies on the effect of music in people with or at risk for EDs using PubMed and the Web of Science database. The search terms used were: "music", "music therapy", "eating disorders", "anorexia nervosa", "bulimia nervosa" and "binge eating disorder".
16 out of 119 identified and screened articles qualified as scientific studies involving a total of 3,792 participants. They reported on the use of music or music therapy in individuals with or at risk of AN and BN, but not BED. In inpatients with AN, listening to classical music was beneficial to food consumption. Singing in a group reduced post-prandial anxiety in AN inpatients and outpatients. Vodcasts which also included positive visual or autobiographical stimuli helped BN patients with anxiety and body image perception. Songwriting and sessions with a Body Monochord helped with the processing of therapeutically relevant topics in AN. Watching music videos, however, reinforced body dissatisfaction, drive for thinness, bodyweight concerns, preoccupation with physical appearance in pre-teenage and teenage girls, and drive for muscularity in adolescent boys.
These findings suggest that the therapeutic application of music may be beneficial in patients with AN and BN. However, the availability of studies with a rigorous randomized controlled trial (RCT) design is scarce.
厌食症（AN）、贪食症（BN）和暴食障碍（BED）这三种主要饮食失调症的患病率正在上升，寻求专业帮助的饮食失调症患者数量也在不断增加。因此，饮食失调症需要额外的治疗策略。本综述的目的是总结音乐的益处和风险的文献，并为其在饮食失调症患者中的治疗应用提供证据。
根据 PRISMA 指南，我们使用 PubMed 和 Web of Science 数据库对关于音乐对饮食失调症患者或有饮食失调症风险者影响的科学研究进行了系统性文献回顾。使用的搜索词是：“音乐”、“音乐治疗”、“饮食失调”、“神经性厌食症”、“贪食症”和“暴食障碍”。
从 119 篇已确定和筛选的文章中，有 16 篇符合标准，为涉及共 3792 名参与者的科学研究。它们报告了在 AN 和 BN 患者或有风险者中使用音乐或音乐治疗的情况，但不包括 BED。在 AN 住院患者中，听古典音乐有利于进食。在 AN 住院患者和门诊患者中，集体唱歌可减少餐后焦虑。包含积极视觉或自传体刺激的 Vodcast 有助于 BN 患者缓解焦虑和身体意象感知。作曲和使用 Body Monochord 有助于处理 AN 中与治疗相关的主题。然而，观看音乐视频会加剧青春期前和青春期女孩的身体不满、对苗条的渴望、体重担忧、对身体外貌的关注，以及青少年男孩对肌肉的渴望。
这些发现表明，音乐的治疗应用可能对 AN 和 BN 患者有益。然而，严格的随机对照试验（RCT）设计的研究可用性很少。
