Burke M D
Postgrad Med. 1978 Dec;64(6):163-7. doi: 10.1080/00325481.1978.11715008.
pH and blood gas measurements are used to detect and monitor ventilation, oxygenation, and acid-base disturbances. The blood sample must be drawn anaerobically and transported in ice water to the laboratory. Partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood (PaCO2) reflects alveolar ventilation; partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood (PaO2) reflects oxygen loading. The alveolar-arterial PO2 gradient (PA-aO2) distinguishes hypoxemia due to hypoventilation from that due to inefficent pulmonary gas exchange. The demand status of the cardiovascular system and the hemoglobin value reflect oxygen delivery to tissues. The relationship among pH, PaCO2, and bicarbonate concentration, when interpreted in the light of clinical findings, specifies the type and duration of acid-base disturbance.
pH值和血气测量用于检测和监测通气、氧合及酸碱平衡紊乱。血样必须在无氧条件下采集，并在冰水中运送至实验室。动脉血二氧化碳分压（PaCO2）反映肺泡通气；动脉血氧分压（PaO2）反映氧摄取。肺泡-动脉血氧分压差（PA-aO2）可区分通气不足所致低氧血症与肺气体交换效率低下所致低氧血症。心血管系统的需求状态和血红蛋白值反映氧向组织的输送。根据临床发现解释pH值、PaCO2和碳酸氢盐浓度之间的关系，可明确酸碱平衡紊乱的类型和持续时间。
