Yemmireddy Veerachandra K, Hung Yen-Con
Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Univ. of Georgia, 1109 Experiment Street, Griffin, Ga., 30223-1797, U.S.A.
Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf. 2017 Jul;16(4):617-631. doi: 10.1111/1541-4337.12267. Epub 2017 May 11.
Cross-contamination of foods with pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites may occur at any point in the farm to fork continuum. Food contact and nonfood contact surfaces are the most frequent source of microbial cross-contamination. In the wake of new and emerging food safety challenges, including antibiotic-resistant human pathogens, conventional sanitation and disinfection practices may not be sufficient to ensure safe food processing, proper preparation, and also not be environmentally friendly. Nanotechnology-enabled novel food safety interventions have a great potential to mitigate the risk of microbial cross-contamination in the food chain. Especially engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) are increasingly finding novel applications as antimicrobial agents. Among various ENPs, photocatalyst metal oxides have shown great promise as effective nontargeted disinfectants over a wide range of microorganisms. The present review provides an overview of antimicrobial properties of various photocatalyst metal oxides and their potential applications as surface coatings. Further, this review discusses the most common approaches to developing antimicrobial coatings, methods to characterize, test, and evaluate antimicrobial efficacy as well as the physical stability of the coatings. Finally, regulations and challenges concerning the use of these novel photocatalytic antimicrobial coatings are also discussed.
食品在农场到餐桌的整个连续过程中的任何环节都可能受到细菌、病毒和寄生虫等致病微生物的交叉污染。食品接触表面和非食品接触表面是微生物交叉污染最常见的来源。面对新出现的食品安全挑战，包括具有抗生素抗性的人类病原体，传统的卫生和消毒做法可能不足以确保安全的食品加工、妥善的制备，而且对环境也不友好。基于纳米技术的新型食品安全干预措施在降低食物链中微生物交叉污染风险方面具有巨大潜力。特别是工程纳米颗粒（ENPs）越来越多地被用作抗菌剂。在各种ENPs中，光催化剂金属氧化物作为有效的非靶向消毒剂在广泛的微生物中显示出巨大的前景。本综述概述了各种光催化剂金属氧化物的抗菌特性及其作为表面涂层的潜在应用。此外，本综述还讨论了开发抗菌涂层的最常见方法、表征、测试和评估抗菌效果以及涂层物理稳定性的方法。最后，还讨论了使用这些新型光催化抗菌涂层的法规和挑战。
