Cooke Allison
Intl. Food Additives Council, 529 14th St. NW, Suite 750, Washington, DC, 20045, U.S.A.
Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf. 2017 Sep;16(5):906-1021. doi: 10.1111/1541-4337.12275. Epub 2017 Aug 1.
Dietary intake of phosphorus is required for human health, and dietary reference intakes for phosphorus have been established. Food-grade phosphates are used as additives to provide a wide range of technical functions in food production. Phosphates are often the most efficient ingredients to provide the required functionality in many applications, and in some cases, there are not effective and approved alternatives. However, many investigators have expressed concern about the quantities of phosphorus and food-additive phosphate present in the diets of many populations. This paper presents the outcome of an extensive review of 110 primary research articles focused on identifying evidence that substantiates or refutes associations of total dietary phosphorus and food-additive phosphate intake with health and disease in humans. The lack of conclusive evidence prevented the drawing of firm conclusions about the safety and possible risks of food-additive phosphate in the general population, which is consonant with the overall assessments of authoritative institutions who have concluded that available data are insufficient to make the required determinations. Despite the inadequacy of the evidence currently available, many of the authors of the publications reviewed for this paper expressed concerns about the quantities of phosphorus and food-additive phosphate in the diets of the populations and subpopulations they studied. At the same time, most of these authors offered only qualified conclusions and expressed themselves tentatively. In addition, authors of primary research publications, authors of review articles, and authoritative institutions have called for the conduct of further research.
人体健康需要从饮食中摄入磷，因此已经制定了磷的膳食参考摄入量。食品级磷酸盐用作添加剂，在食品生产中发挥多种技术功能。在许多应用中，磷酸盐往往是提供所需功能最有效的成分，而且在某些情况下，没有有效的、经过批准的替代品。然而，许多研究人员对许多人群饮食中磷和食品添加剂磷酸盐的含量表示担忧。本文呈现了对110篇主要研究文章进行广泛综述的结果，这些研究聚焦于找出能证实或反驳膳食总磷和食品添加剂磷酸盐摄入量与人类健康和疾病之间关联的证据。缺乏确凿证据使得无法就一般人群中食品添加剂磷酸盐的安全性和可能风险得出明确结论，这与权威机构的总体评估一致，这些机构得出的结论是现有数据不足以做出所需的判定。尽管目前可得的证据并不充分，但为本篇综述所查阅的许多出版物的作者对他们所研究的人群和亚人群饮食中的磷和食品添加剂磷酸盐含量表示担忧。与此同时，这些作者大多仅给出有保留的结论并谨慎地表达自己的观点。此外，原创研究出版物的作者、综述文章的作者以及权威机构都呼吁开展进一步的研究。
