Liu K Q, Ding X Y, Zhao W H
National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2020 Dec 29;100(48):3890-3896. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20200728-02234.
To systematically review the relationship between dietary patterns and human immunity and health. Chinese and English search terms, including "dietary pattern", "dietary structure", "nutrients", "food", "protein", "fat", "vitamins", "dietary fiber", "immunity", "inflammatory", "inflammation", "oxidative stress", were searched for relevant articles in PubMed, Web of Science, Wanfang and National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database from the collection start date to January 10, 2020. A total of 1 Chinese article and 22 English articles were included, including 9 cross-sectional studies, 7 intervention studies, 6 cohort studies and 1 nested case-control study. Common evaluation methods for dietary patterns included dietary inflammatory index (DII), inflammatory score of the diet (ISD), empirical dietary inflammatory pattern (EDIP), dietary compliance score, and healthy eating index. There were 13 studies on Mediterranean dietary patterns and healthy dietary patterns with higher intake of vegetables, fruits, bean products, fish and dairy products in the included articles. The Mediterranean diet can reduce the levels of inflammatory markers such as CRP, IL-6, Hcy, WBC, and fibrinogen, as well as the levels of metabolic indicators such as vascular endothelial growth factor and endothelial function score, improve chronic inflammatory diseases and reduce the risk of chronic diseases. The higher the healthy diet score was, the lower the level of pro-inflammatory factors was. Even if the dietary recommendation was not met, the healthier the diet was, the lower the level of inflammatory factors was. Western dietary patterns were positively correlated with CRP, IL-6, E-selectin, sICAM-1, sVCAM-1 and other inflammatory factors, and can increase the incidence of type 2 diabetes and the risk of cardiovascular disease. However, one study did not found the relationship between them and hs-CRP. Dietary patterns are closely related to human immune function. Different dietary patterns have different inflammatory potentials according to the characteristics of food intake, which can directly or indirectly affect immune function.
系统评价饮食模式与人体免疫力及健康之间的关系。使用中英文检索词，包括“饮食模式”“饮食结构”“营养素”“食物”“蛋白质”“脂肪”“维生素”“膳食纤维”“免疫力”“炎症性”“炎症”“氧化应激”，于PubMed、Web of Science、万方和中国知网（CNKI）数据库中从建库起始日期至2020年1月10日检索相关文章。共纳入1篇中文文章和22篇英文文章，包括9项横断面研究、7项干预研究、6项队列研究和1项巢式病例对照研究。饮食模式的常见评价方法包括饮食炎症指数（DII）、饮食炎症评分（ISD）、经验性饮食炎症模式（EDIP）、饮食依从性评分和健康饮食指数。纳入文章中有13项关于地中海饮食模式以及蔬菜、水果、豆制品、鱼类和乳制品摄入量较高的健康饮食模式的研究。地中海饮食可降低CRP、IL-6、同型半胱氨酸、白细胞和纤维蛋白原等炎症标志物水平，以及血管内皮生长因子和内皮功能评分等代谢指标水平，改善慢性炎症性疾病并降低慢性病风险。健康饮食评分越高，促炎因子水平越低。即使未达到饮食建议，饮食越健康，炎症因子水平越低。西方饮食模式与CRP、IL-6、E-选择素、可溶性细胞间黏附分子-1、可溶性血管细胞黏附分子-1等炎症因子呈正相关，可增加2型糖尿病发病率和心血管疾病风险。然而，有一项研究未发现它们与超敏C反应蛋白之间的关系。饮食模式与人体免疫功能密切相关。不同饮食模式根据食物摄入特点具有不同的炎症潜能，可直接或间接影响免疫功能。
