回归热的发病机制。
Pathogenesis of Relapsing Fever.
机构信息
Department of Pediatrics, Section of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston TX, USA.
Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam Medical centers, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
出版信息
Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2021;42:519-550. doi: 10.21775/cimb.042.519. Epub 2020 Dec 29.
Relapsing fever (RF) is caused by several species of ; all, except two species, are transmitted to humans by soft (argasid) ticks. The species is transmitted from one human to another by the body louse, while is vectored by hard-bodied ixodid tick species. RF have several pathogenic features that facilitate invasion and dissemination in the infected host. In this article we discuss the dynamics of vector acquisition and subsequent transmission of RF to their vertebrate hosts. We also review taxonomic challenges for RF as new species have been isolated throughout the globe. Moreover, aspects of pathogenesis including symptomology, neurotropism, erythrocyte and platelet adhesion are discussed. We expound on RF evasion strategies for innate and adaptive immunity, focusing on the most fundamental pathogenetic attributes, multiphasic antigenic variation. Lastly, we review new and emerging species of RF and discuss future directions for this global disease.
回归热（RF）由几种 引起；除了两个物种外，所有物种都通过软蜱（argasid）传播给人类。物种 通过体虱在人与人之间传播，而 则由硬蜱 ixodid 传播。RF 具有多种致病性特征，这些特征有利于在感染宿主中入侵和传播。在本文中，我们讨论了 RF 传播媒介的获取和随后向其脊椎动物宿主传播的动力学。我们还回顾了 RF 的分类学挑战，因为在全球范围内已经分离出了新的物种。此外，还讨论了发病机制的各个方面，包括症状、神经嗜性、红细胞和血小板黏附。我们详细阐述了 RF 对固有和适应性免疫的逃避策略，重点介绍了最基本的致病属性，即多相抗原变异。最后，我们回顾了新出现的 RF 物种，并讨论了这种全球性疾病的未来方向。
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