Miyata Hiromitsu, Kobayashi Daisuke, Sonoda Akifumi, Motoike Hibiki, Akatsuka Saki
Faculty of Letters, Arts and Sciences, Waseda University, 1-24-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8644, Japan.
BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2020 Dec 7;12(1):75. doi: 10.1186/s13102-020-00225-5.
Empirical data have suggested that mind-body practices that originated in Eastern traditions can cause desirable changes to psychological traits, the brain, somatic physiological functions, etc. Martial arts in Japan refer to the physical/mental practices that were developed based on historical combat techniques. Today, martial arts are considered activities that seek embodiment and/or mind-body unity, as well as sports. Empirical studies involving practitioners of Japanese martial arts to date remain scarce.
We conducted a questionnaire survey using a cross-sectional design to examine whether the practice of martial arts based on Japanese traditions are associated with mindfulness and psychological health. Participants included a population of practitioners of martial arts with a practice period of 0.6-35.0 years, and non-practitioners matched for demographic variables.
Compared with the non-practitioners, the practitioners of martial arts had significantly higher scores for mindfulness and subjective well-being and lower scores for depression. Among the practitioners of martial arts, a longer period of practice or a higher frequency of daily practice significantly predicted higher mindfulness and psychological health.
The results obtained are consistent with those previously obtained for other populations of Japanese contemplatives, and support the view that practice of multiple Eastern mind-body practices might be associated with similar desirable psychological outcomes. A cross-sectional design has limitations in that it is difficult to determine the effect of continued practice, so that a longitudinal study that follows the same practitioners over time is desired in the future enquiry.
实证数据表明，源自东方传统的身心修炼方法可对心理特质、大脑、躯体生理功能等产生有益变化。日本的武术指基于历史战斗技巧发展而来的身心修炼方法。如今，武术被视为追求身心合一以及体育的活动。迄今为止，涉及日本武术练习者的实证研究仍然很少。
我们采用横断面设计进行了一项问卷调查，以检验基于日本传统的武术练习是否与正念和心理健康相关。参与者包括练习年限为0.6至35.0年的武术练习者群体，以及在人口统计学变量上匹配的非练习者。
与非练习者相比，武术练习者在正念和主观幸福感方面得分显著更高，而在抑郁方面得分更低。在武术练习者中，更长的练习时间或更高的每日练习频率显著预示着更高的正念水平和心理健康程度。
所得结果与之前针对其他日本冥想者群体的研究结果一致，并支持这样一种观点，即多种东方身心修炼方法的练习可能与类似的有益心理结果相关。横断面设计存在局限性，即难以确定持续练习的效果，因此在未来的研究中，期望进行一项对同一练习者进行长期跟踪的纵向研究。
