Petric Zvonimir, Žuntar Irena, Putnik Predrag, Bursać Kovačević Danijela
Unit of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Department of Pharmacology at the Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 40530 Göteborg, Sweden.
Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Ante Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
Foods. 2020 Dec 24;10(1):33. doi: 10.3390/foods10010033.
Fruit juices contain a large number of phytochemicals that, in combination with certain drugs, can cause food-drug interactions that can be clinically significant and lead to adverse events. The mechanisms behind such interactions are in most cases related to phytochemical interference with the activity of cytochrome P450 metabolizing enzymes (CYPs) or drug transporters. Moreover, alterations in their activity can have a clinical relevance if systemic exposure to the drug is decreased or increased, meaning that the pharmacological drug effects are suboptimal, or the drug will cause toxicity. In general, the common pharmacokinetic parameters found to be altered in food-drug interactions regarding fruit juices are the area under the concentration-time curve, bioavailability, and maximum plasma concentration. In most cases, the results from the drug interaction studies with fruit juices provide only limited information due to the small number of subjects, which are also healthy volunteers. Moreover, drug interactions with fruit juices are challenging to predict due to the unknown amounts of the specific phytochemicals responsible for the interaction, as well as due to the inter-individual variability of drug metabolism, among others. Therefore, this work aims to raise awareness about possible pharmacological interactions with fruit juices.
果汁含有大量植物化学物质，这些物质与某些药物结合时，会引发具有临床意义的食物-药物相互作用，并导致不良事件。在大多数情况下，此类相互作用背后的机制与植物化学物质对细胞色素P450代谢酶（CYPs）或药物转运蛋白活性的干扰有关。此外，如果药物的全身暴露量减少或增加，其活性的改变可能具有临床相关性，这意味着药物的药理作用不理想，或者药物会导致毒性。一般来说，在与果汁相关的食物-药物相互作用中发现发生改变的常见药代动力学参数是浓度-时间曲线下面积、生物利用度和最大血浆浓度。在大多数情况下，由于受试者数量较少（且均为健康志愿者），与果汁进行的药物相互作用研究结果仅提供有限的信息。此外，由于导致相互作用的特定植物化学物质含量未知，以及药物代谢存在个体差异等原因，与果汁的药物相互作用难以预测。因此，这项工作旨在提高人们对与果汁可能存在的药理相互作用的认识。
