Department of Biomedical and Environmental Analyses, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland.
Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Dec 23;22(1):56. doi: 10.3390/ijms22010056.
In various diseases, there is an increased production of the free radicals needed to carry out certain physiological processes but their excessive amounts can cause oxidative stress and cell damage. Enzymes play a major role in the transformations associated with free radicals. One of them is nitric oxide synthase (NOS), which catalyzes the formation of nitric oxide (NO). This enzyme exists in three forms (NOS1, NOS2, NOS3), each encoded by a different gene. The following work presents the most important information on the NOS isoforms and their role in the human body, including NO synthesis in various tissues and cells, intercellular signaling and activities supporting the immune system and regulating blood vessel functions. The role of NOS in pathological conditions such as obesity, diabetes and heart disease is considered. Attention is also paid to the influence of the polymorphisms of these genes, encoding particular isoforms, on the development of these pathologies and the role of NOS inhibitors in the treatment of patients.
在各种疾病中，会产生更多的自由基来进行某些生理过程，但它们的过量会导致氧化应激和细胞损伤。酶在与自由基相关的转化中起着主要作用。其中一种是一氧化氮合酶 (NOS)，它催化一氧化氮 (NO) 的形成。这种酶有三种形式 (NOS1、NOS2、NOS3)，每种形式都由不同的基因编码。以下工作介绍了关于 NOS 同工型及其在人体中的作用的最重要信息，包括各种组织和细胞中 NO 的合成、细胞间信号传递以及支持免疫系统和调节血管功能的活动。还考虑了 NOS 在肥胖症、糖尿病和心脏病等病理条件下的作用。此外，还关注了这些基因的多态性，即编码特定同工型的基因，对这些病理的发展以及 NOS 抑制剂在治疗患者中的作用的影响。
