Paľová Marianna, Ručová Dajana, Goga Michal, Kolarčik Vladislav
Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, P. J. Šafárik University, Mánesova 23, SK-041 54 Košice, Slovakia.
Genes (Basel). 2020 Dec 27;12(1):27. doi: 10.3390/genes12010027.
Somatic polyploidy or endopolyploidy is common in the plant kingdom; it ensures growth and allows adaptation to the environment. It is present in the majority of plant groups, including mosses. Endopolyploidy had only been previously studied in about 65 moss species, which represents less than 1% of known mosses. We analyzed 11 selected moss species to determine the spatial and temporal distribution of endopolyploidy using flow cytometry to identify patterns in ploidy levels among gametophytes and sporophytes. All of the studied mosses possessed cells with various ploidy levels in gametophytes, and four of six species investigated in sporophytic stage had endopolyploid sporophytes. The proportion of endopolyploid cells varied among organs, parts of gametophytes and sporophytes, and ontogenetic stages. Higher ploidy levels were seen in basal parts of gametophytes and sporophytes than in apical parts. Slight changes in ploidy levels were observed during ontogenesis in cultivated mosses; the youngest (apical) parts of thalli tend to have lower levels of endopolyploidy. Differences between parts of cauloid and phylloids of and were also documented; proximal parts had higher levels of endopolyploidy than distal parts. Endopolyploidy is spatially and temporally differentiated in the gametophytes of endopolyploid mosses and follows a pattern similar to that seen in angiosperms.
体细胞多倍体或核内多倍体在植物界很常见；它确保生长并使植物能够适应环境。它存在于大多数植物类群中，包括苔藓。此前仅对约65种苔藓进行过核内多倍体研究，这还不到已知苔藓种类的1%。我们分析了11种选定的苔藓物种，使用流式细胞术确定核内多倍体的时空分布，以识别配子体和孢子体中倍性水平的模式。所有研究的苔藓在配子体中都具有不同倍性水平的细胞，在孢子体阶段研究的六个物种中有四个具有核内多倍体孢子体。核内多倍体细胞的比例在不同器官、配子体和孢子体的部分以及个体发育阶段有所不同。配子体和孢子体基部的倍性水平高于顶端部分。在栽培苔藓的个体发育过程中观察到倍性水平有轻微变化；叶状体最年轻（顶端）的部分核内多倍体水平往往较低。还记录了[未提及的两种苔藓]茎状体和叶状体部分之间的差异；近端部分的核内多倍体水平高于远端部分。核内多倍体在核内多倍体苔藓的配子体中在空间和时间上存在差异，并且遵循与被子植物中类似的模式。
