欧洲老龄化社会中的性别健康差距:各国及各年龄组的普遍发现?

The gender health gap in Europe's ageing societies: universal findings across countries and age groups?

作者信息

Schmitz Alina, Lazarevič Patrick

机构信息

TU Dortmund, Emil-Figge-Str. 50, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.

Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Institute of Demography, Vordere Zollamtsstraße 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria.

出版信息

Eur J Ageing. 2020 Feb 17;17(4):509-520. doi: 10.1007/s10433-020-00559-6. eCollection 2020 Dec.

Abstract

We provide a systematic country and age group comparison of the gender gap in several generic health indicators and more specific morbidity outcomes. Using data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement (SHARE), we examined the gender gap in the prevalence of poor self-rated health, chronic health conditions, activity limitations, multimorbidity, pain, heart attacks, diabetes, and depression in three age groups (50-64, 65-79, and 80+) based on linear probability models with and without adjustment for covariates. While women were typically disadvantaged regarding poor self-rated health, chronic health conditions, activity limitations, multimorbidity, pain, and depression, men had a higher prevalence of heart attacks and diabetes. However, the gender gap's magnitude and sometimes even its direction varied considerably with some age trends apparent. Regarding some health indicators, the gender gap tended to be higher in Southern and Eastern Europe than in Western and Northern Europe. All in all, the presence of a gender health gap cannot be regarded as a universal finding as the gap tended to widen, narrow or even reverse with age depending on the indicator and country.

摘要

我们对几个通用健康指标以及更具体的发病结果中的性别差距进行了系统的国家和年龄组比较。利用健康、老龄化和退休调查(SHARE)的数据,我们基于线性概率模型,在调整和未调整协变量的情况下,研究了三个年龄组(50 - 64岁、65 - 79岁和80岁以上)在自我健康评价差、慢性健康状况、活动受限、多种疾病并存、疼痛、心脏病发作、糖尿病和抑郁症患病率方面的性别差距。虽然在自我健康评价差、慢性健康状况、活动受限、多种疾病并存、疼痛和抑郁症方面,女性通常处于不利地位,但男性心脏病发作和糖尿病的患病率更高。然而,性别差距的大小,有时甚至其方向,会随着一些明显的年龄趋势而有很大差异。在一些健康指标方面,南欧和东欧的性别差距往往高于西欧和北欧。总而言之,性别健康差距的存在不能被视为一个普遍现象,因为根据指标和国家的不同,这种差距会随着年龄的增长而扩大、缩小甚至逆转。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f1e5/7752938/05896637c7c9/10433_2020_559_Fig1_HTML.jpg

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