Abkowitz M, Cheng P D
Department of Civil Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180.
Accid Anal Prev. 1988 Feb;20(1):39-51. doi: 10.1016/0001-4575(88)90013-9.
As the United States continues to increase its dependence on industrial technologies which require hazardous materials and generate hazardous wastes, concern is mounting over the safe transport of hazardous cargo. It is estimated that 1.5 billion tons of hazardous cargo are moved through the nation's transportation systems (excluding pipeline), with truck as the primary mode of transport. Because of the dynamic nature of exposure to the population and environment associated with the transport of hazardous cargo, it is important to develop an accurate representation of this type of transport risk, and to structure a framework for designating a permanent set of shipping routes based on optimizing across risks and costs. This paper describes a methodology which has been developed that incorporates risk and cost into a framework for optimizing the routing of truck movements of hazardous materials. Considerable attention is focused on the risk estimation part of this process, as this is a subject of much uncertainty and of considerable significance to policymakers. The resulting methodology is applied in a regional setting to illustrate its use as an analysis tool. Enhancements to the model structure and extensions beyond the truck routing problem are also discussed.
随着美国对需要危险材料并产生危险废物的工业技术的依赖持续增加，人们对危险货物的安全运输愈发担忧。据估计，有15亿吨危险货物通过美国的运输系统（不包括管道运输）运输，其中卡车是主要运输方式。由于危险货物运输过程中涉及的人群暴露和环境暴露具有动态性，因此准确描述此类运输风险并构建一个基于风险和成本优化的永久运输路线指定框架非常重要。本文描述了一种已开发的方法，该方法将风险和成本纳入了危险材料卡车运输路线优化框架。此过程中相当多的注意力集中在风险估计部分，因为这是一个存在诸多不确定性且对政策制定者具有重大意义的主题。所得出的方法在区域环境中得到应用，以说明其作为分析工具的用途。还讨论了对模型结构的改进以及卡车路线规划问题之外的扩展。
