Aberg L
Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Sweden.
Accid Anal Prev. 1988 Feb;20(1):59-65. doi: 10.1016/0001-4575(88)90015-2.
The risk of accident at flashing-light, rail-highway crossings has been found to be ten times higher than at crossings equipped with barriers. The purpose of the present investigation was to study driver behavior in rail-highway crossings and to relate measures of driver behavior to variables believed to be associated with increased risks of accident. About 2,000 drivers were observed in 16 different crossings with driver head movements as the major dependent variable. This variable exhibits wide variability among drivers as well as satisfactory interobserver reliability. The results showed that many drivers turned their head to look for trains in rail-highway crossings although the crossings were equipped with flashing warning lights. However, fewer drivers looked when the visibility was restricted, a factor that is associated with increased risk of accident, and in crossings with few trains per day. The conclusion from the present study is that flashing-light crossings should be designed in a way that redundant information about approaching trains should be easily available to the drivers.
据发现，在设有闪光信号灯的铁路-公路平交道口发生事故的风险比设有栏杆的道口高出十倍。本次调查的目的是研究铁路-公路平交道口中驾驶员的行为，并将驾驶员行为的相关指标与被认为与事故风险增加相关的变量联系起来。在16个不同的道口观察了约2000名驾驶员，将驾驶员头部动作作为主要因变量。该变量在驾驶员之间表现出很大的变异性，同时观察者之间的可靠性也令人满意。结果表明，尽管铁路-公路平交道口设有闪光警示灯，但许多驾驶员仍会转头寻找火车。然而，当能见度受限（这是一个与事故风险增加相关的因素）以及在每天火车较少的道口时，转头观察的驾驶员较少。本研究的结论是，应设计闪光信号灯道口，使驾驶员能够轻松获得关于驶近火车的冗余信息。
