Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Germany.
Perception. 2021 Feb;50(2):140-153. doi: 10.1177/0301006620983729. Epub 2020 Dec 30.
Does recognizing the transformations that gave rise to an object's retinal image contribute to early object recognition? It might, because finding a partially occluded object among similar objects that are not occluded is more difficult than finding an object that has the same retinal image shape without evident occlusion. If this is because the occlusion is recognized as such, we might see something similar for other transformations. We confirmed that it is difficult to find a cookie with a section missing when this was the result of occlusion. It is not more difficult to find a cookie from which a piece has been bitten off than to find one that was baked in a similar shape. On the contrary, the bite marks help detect the bitten cookie. Thus, biting off a part of a cookie has very different effects on visual search than occluding part of it. These findings do not support the idea that observers rapidly and automatically compensate for the ways in which objects' shapes are transformed to give rise to the objects' retinal images. They are easy to explain in terms of detecting characteristic features in the retinal image that such transformations may hide or create.
识别导致物体视网膜图像发生变化的因素是否有助于早期物体识别？这可能是因为在没有被遮挡的相似物体中找到一个被部分遮挡的物体比找到一个具有相同视网膜图像形状但没有明显遮挡的物体更困难。如果这是因为遮挡被识别出来了，那么对于其他的变化我们可能也会看到类似的情况。我们证实，当饼干的一部分缺失是由于遮挡造成的时候，很难找到这块饼干。找到一块被咬掉一块的饼干并不比找到一块形状相似的饼干更难。相反，咬痕有助于发现被咬过的饼干。因此，咬掉饼干的一部分对视觉搜索的影响与遮挡它的一部分非常不同。这些发现并不支持观察者快速自动补偿物体形状变化导致物体视网膜图像变化的方式的观点。根据这些发现，可以很容易地解释为什么在视网膜图像中，这种变化可能会隐藏或创建特征性的特征，而这些特征很容易被检测到。
