Schipperges H
Z Klin Psychol Psychother. 1977;25(1):5-20.
In the first, historical part the most important programs of "Medical Enlightenment", are pointed out, beginning with Leibniz, followed by the public health movement of the 18th century, up to the time of Immanuel Kant. Based on this historical background several concepts of a "Medical Culture" are analysed in detail, for instance the "Theorie einer Medizinal-Ordnung" by Johann Benjamin Ehrhard (1800), the "Medicinische Reform" by Rudolf Virchow (1848) and the programs of the "Gesellschaft Deutscher Naturforscher und Arzte" (about 1850-1890), the latter bearing both scientific and political character. Following the historical part, the question is raised whether "Enlightenment" is limited by medicine and whether medicine is able to provide a program for individual health education resulting in a more cultivated style of private life, and lastly how this might be realized.
在第一部分即历史部分中，指出了“医学启蒙”的最重要纲领，从莱布尼茨开始，接着是18世纪的公共卫生运动，一直到伊曼努尔·康德时代。基于这一历史背景，详细分析了“医学文化”的几个概念，例如约翰·本杰明·埃哈德（1800年）的《医学秩序理论》、鲁道夫·菲尔绍（1848年）的《医学改革》以及“德国自然科学家与医生协会”（约1850 - 1890年）的纲领，后者兼具科学和政治性质。在历史部分之后，提出了这样的问题：“启蒙”是否受医学限制，医学能否提供一个针对个人健康教育的纲领，从而带来更有教养的私人生活方式，以及最后这该如何实现。
