Wadhwa Meenakshi, McCoy Timothy J, Schrader Devin L
School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA.
Department of Mineral Sciences, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA.
Annu Rev Earth Planet Sci. 2020 May;48:233-258. doi: 10.1146/annurev-earth-082719-055815. Epub 2020 Jan 8.
At present, meteorites collected in Antarctica dominate the total number of the world's known meteorites. We focus here on the scientific advances in cosmochemistry and planetary science that have been enabled by access to, and investigations of, these Antarctic meteorites. A meteorite recovered during one of the earliest field seasons of systematic searches, Elephant Moraine (EET) A79001, was identified as having originated on Mars based on the composition of gases released from shock melt pockets in this rock. Subsequently, the first lunar meteorite, Allan Hills (ALH) 81005, was also recovered from the Antarctic. Since then, many more meteorites belonging to these two classes of planetary meteorites, as well as other previously rare or unknown classes of meteorites (particularly primitive chondrites and achondrites), have been recovered from Antarctica. Studies of these samples are providing unique insights into the origin and evolution of the Solar System and planetary bodies.
目前，在南极洲收集到的陨石在世界已知陨石总数中占主导地位。我们在此关注通过获取和研究这些南极陨石而在宇宙化学和行星科学领域取得的科学进展。在最早的系统搜索野外季节之一中回收的一块陨石，大象冰碛（EET）A79001，根据该岩石冲击熔融口袋释放的气体成分，被确定起源于火星。随后，第一块月球陨石，艾伦山（ALH）81005，也从南极洲被发现。从那时起，从南极洲又发现了更多属于这两类行星陨石以及其他以前罕见或未知类别的陨石（特别是原始球粒陨石和无球粒陨石）。对这些样本的研究为太阳系和行星体的起源与演化提供了独特的见解。
