Schwartz R H, Smith D E
Department of Pediatrics, Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, Virginia.
Clin Pediatr (Phila). 1988 Feb;27(2):70-3. doi: 10.1177/000992288802700202.
Ingestion of mushrooms containing psilocybin produces hallucinogenic effects and has become a popular form of substance abuse among some adolescents and young adults. We have reviewed the medical literature on psilocybin mushrooms and describe current patterns of use, provide background material on the botony and pharmacology of these crude drugs, and report results of a small study on usage patterns among identified adolescent drug abusers. Among 174 adolescents already identified as substance abusers, 45 (26%) reported having used hallucinogenic mushrooms, frequently in conjunction with alcohol or other drugs. An average intake of 2-4 mushrooms was obtained for about +8, and led to intoxication for 5-6 hours. Mixing of intoxicants such as alcohol, marijuana, and psilocybin mushrooms was the rule. The acute adverse reactions may have been the result of drug synergy. Pediatricians should become aware of the specific patterns of the use of hallucinogenic drugs by adolescents and consider the possibility of such use when evaluating a delirious or psychotic adolescent.
摄入含有裸盖菇素的蘑菇会产生致幻效果，在一些青少年和年轻人中已成为一种流行的药物滥用形式。我们回顾了关于裸盖菇素蘑菇的医学文献，描述了当前的使用模式，提供了这些天然药物的植物学和药理学背景资料，并报告了一项针对已确定的青少年药物滥用者使用模式的小型研究结果。在174名已被确定为药物滥用者的青少年中，45人（26%）报告曾使用致幻蘑菇，且常常与酒精或其他药物一起使用。平均摄入2至4颗蘑菇约持续8小时，并导致5至6小时的中毒状态。酒精、大麻和裸盖菇素蘑菇等多种致幻剂混合使用是常见情况。急性不良反应可能是药物协同作用的结果。儿科医生应了解青少年使用致幻药物的具体模式，并在评估谵妄或精神病性青少年时考虑到此类使用的可能性。
