Samtani Ratika, Garg Deepali, Sharma Noopur, Deb Roumi
Amity Institute of Anthropology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Dr. Deepali Garg Cancer Diagnostics and Path Labs, Bathinda, Punjab, India.
J Midlife Health. 2020 Jul-Sep;11(3):168-170. doi: 10.4103/jmh.JMH_139_19. Epub 2020 Sep 29.
The diminishing hormonal concentrations in women after menopause may trap them into a number of reproductive health deficits. Their lifestyle, occupation, dietary constituents, etc., affect the overall health. Unfortunately, women belonging to rural areas lack basic amenities and cultural aspects give them a backseat to pay heed to personal health. Therefore, it is important to take into consideration the demographic profile of rural women.
The objective of the study is to evaluate postmenopausal women of rural Punjab for sociodemographic, reproductive parameters and health issues.
This study analyzed 425 women showing a high rate of illiteracy (74.6%), agricultural occupancy (85.2%), and consumption of vegetarian food (94.4%). The mean age at menarche and menopause was observed as 14.04 ± 1.12 and 47.97 ± 3.4 years, respectively. The most frequent complaints were fatigue (70.4%), backache (69.4), breathing problems (52.2%), and abdominal discomfort (43.1%).
Later age at menopause in women was found concurrent with involvement in agriculture and exposure to pesticides. Delayed menopause may indicate a risk of reproductive cancers while protection in cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, age at menopause and dependent sociodemographic parameters should be considered important tools in determining the reproductive health of aging women. Large-scale studies dealing with this health aspect are warranted at village level.
绝经后女性体内激素浓度的降低可能使她们陷入多种生殖健康问题。她们的生活方式、职业、饮食成分等都会影响整体健康。不幸的是，农村地区的女性缺乏基本生活设施，而且文化观念使她们不太重视个人健康。因此，考虑农村女性的人口统计学特征很重要。
本研究的目的是评估旁遮普农村地区绝经后女性的社会人口统计学、生殖参数和健康问题。
本研究分析了425名女性，她们的文盲率很高（74.6%），从事农业工作的比例很高（85.2%），素食消费比例很高（94.4%）。初潮和绝经的平均年龄分别为14.04±1.12岁和47.97±3.4岁。最常见的症状是疲劳（70.4%）、背痛（69.4%）、呼吸问题（52.2%）和腹部不适（43.1%）。
发现女性绝经年龄较大与从事农业工作和接触农药有关。绝经延迟可能表明存在生殖系统癌症风险，而对心血管疾病有保护作用。因此，绝经年龄及相关的社会人口统计学参数应被视为确定老年女性生殖健康的重要指标。在村级开展针对这一健康问题的大规模研究很有必要。
