Araki Michael Espindola, Cotellessa Angela J
Forcht Center for Entrepreneurship, College of Business, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States.
Graduate School of Education and Human Development, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States.
Front Psychol. 2020 Dec 15;11:601508. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.601508. eCollection 2020.
It is increasingly argued that polymathy-vocational and avocational pursuits in multiple domains-is deeply associated with creativity and innovation, and that its development enables the creation of important bridges between otherwise fragmented, dispersed sets of knowledge. Nevertheless, the dominant culture in both industry and academia is still that of narrow specialization. In this paper, we argue that in the context of COVID-19 crisis, with its wicked and transdisciplinary nature, the disciplinary approach of specialization is ill-suited to solve our increasingly complex problems, and that polymathic thinking can be a crucial asset in this regard. Drawing on different literature strands, we first examine the interplay between polymathy and other well-developed constructs in personality and temperament research. We then advance theoretical predictions regarding the relationship between trait polymathy and resilience in the COVID-19 crisis. After that, we discuss learnable strategies that can be used in complex, uncertain and adverse situations, which are associated with development of a more polymathic (broader, deeper and more integrated) set of knowledge. Later, we discuss how it may be possible to better capitalize on the key features of polymathic thinking at the societal level. Finally, we conclude with a reflection on the adequacy of our current institutions for dealing with complex problems, and we underscore the crucial role of polymathic thinking in an increasingly complex and interrelated world.
越来越多的人认为,多学科学习——在多个领域的职业和业余追求——与创造力和创新密切相关,并且其发展能够在原本零散、分散的知识体系之间搭建起重要的桥梁。然而,行业和学术界的主流文化仍然是狭隘的专业化。在本文中,我们认为,在具有棘手和跨学科性质的新冠疫情危机背景下,专业化的学科方法并不适合解决我们日益复杂的问题,而多学科思维在这方面可能是一项关键资产。借鉴不同的文献线索,我们首先考察多学科学习与人格和气质研究中其他成熟结构之间的相互作用。然后,我们提出关于特质多学科性与新冠疫情危机中的复原力之间关系的理论预测。之后,我们讨论可用于复杂、不确定和不利情况的可学习策略,这些情况与发展更具多学科性(更广泛、更深入和更综合)的知识体系相关。随后,我们讨论如何在社会层面更好地利用多学科思维的关键特征。最后,我们反思当前机构应对复杂问题的能力,并强调多学科思维在日益复杂和相互关联的世界中的关键作用。