CILab, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, McMaster University, 92 Bowman St., Hamilton L8S2T6, Canada.
Department of Psychology and the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Downing St., Cambridge CB23EB, UK.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2016 May;64:382-402. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.03.008. Epub 2016 Mar 8.
This paper critically reviews the unidimensional construct of General Arousal as utilised by models of temperament in differential psychology for example, to underlie 'Extraversion'. Evidence suggests that specialization within monoamine neurotransmitter systems contrasts with the attribution of a "general arousal" of the Ascending Reticular Activating System. Experimental findings show specialized roles of noradrenaline, dopamine, and serotonin systems in hypothetically mediating three complementary forms of arousal that are similar to three functional blocks described in classical models of behaviour within kinesiology, clinical neuropsychology, psychophysiology and temperament research. In spite of functional diversity of monoamine receptors, we suggest that their functionality can be classified using three universal aspects of actions related to expansion, to selection-integration and to maintenance of chosen behavioural alternatives. Monoamine systems also differentially regulate analytic vs. routine aspects of activities at cortical and striatal neural levels. A convergence between main temperament models in terms of traits related to described functional aspects of behavioural arousal also supports the idea of differentiation between these aspects analysed here in a functional perspective.
这篇论文批判性地回顾了一般唤醒的单一维度结构，例如，在差异心理学的气质模型中，作为“外向性”的基础。有证据表明，单胺递质系统的专业化与上行网状激活系统的“一般唤醒”的归因形成对比。实验结果表明，去甲肾上腺素、多巴胺和 5-羟色胺系统在假设中介导三种互补的唤醒形式方面具有专门作用，这与运动学、临床神经心理学、心理生理学和气质研究中经典行为模型中描述的三种功能块相似。尽管单胺受体的功能具有多样性，但我们认为可以使用与扩展、选择-整合以及对所选行为替代方案的维持相关的三个通用方面的作用来对其进行分类。单胺系统还在皮质和纹状体神经水平上差异调节活动的分析与常规方面。主要气质模型在与行为唤醒的描述性功能方面相关的特征方面的趋同也支持了在此以功能视角分析这些方面之间存在差异的观点。
