Pan S M, Armitage N P, van Ryneveld M B
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa.
J Water Sanit Hyg Dev. 2018 Apr 18;8(3):429-438. doi: 10.2166/washdev.2018.166.
This paper discusses the need to incorporate equity assessment into the planning and monitoring of sanitation service delivery to South African informal settlements. Equity assessment criteria were drawn from literature and a study of sanitation service delivery to informal settlements in three South African municipalities (Cape Town, Johannesburg and eThekwini) over the period 2012-2015. Three key dimensions of equity - resource allocation, access and stakeholder perceptions - were identified. These had eight associated criteria: (1) funds allocated for basic sanitation, (2) number of staff allocated to informal settlements, (3) disparities in access, (4) proportion of functioning sanitation facilities, (5) menstrual hygiene management (MHM) inclusion, (6) access to information, (7) meets users' notions of dignity, and (8) integration of the perspectives of key stakeholders. Key findings of the study indicate that the current focus on reducing service backlogs largely ignores equity and there is a need to better address this through the incorporation of: equity assessments, improving access to information, and the inclusion of marginalised communities in the planning of sanitation services.
本文讨论了将公平性评估纳入南非非正式定居点卫生服务提供规划与监测工作的必要性。公平性评估标准取自相关文献以及2012年至2015年期间对南非三个城市（开普敦、约翰内斯堡和伊泰夸尼）非正式定居点卫生服务提供情况的一项研究。确定了公平性的三个关键维度——资源分配、获取机会和利益相关者认知。这些维度有八个相关标准：（1）分配用于基本卫生设施的资金，（2）分配到非正式定居点的工作人员数量，（3）获取机会方面的差异，（4）正常运行的卫生设施比例，（5）纳入经期卫生管理（MHM），（6）信息获取，（7）符合用户对尊严的认知，以及（8）整合关键利益相关者的观点。该研究的主要发现表明，当前对减少服务积压的关注在很大程度上忽视了公平性，有必要通过纳入公平性评估、改善信息获取以及让边缘化社区参与卫生服务规划来更好地解决这一问题。
