五岁以下儿童腹泻及非正规住区相关风险因素：南非开普敦的一项横断面研究。
Diarrhoea among Children Aged under Five Years and Risk Factors in Informal Settlements: A Cross-Sectional Study in Cape Town, South Africa.
机构信息
Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland.
University of Basel, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland.
出版信息
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Jun 4;18(11):6043. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18116043.
BACKGROUND
There is limited data on the association between diarrhoea among children aged under five years (U5D) and water use, sanitation, hygiene, and socio-economics factors in low-income communities. The study investigated U5D and the associated risk factors in the Zeekoe catchment in Cape Town, South Africa.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was conducted in 707 households in six informal settlements (IS) two formal settlements (FS) (March-June 2017).
RESULTS
Most IS households used public taps (74.4%) and shared toilets (93.0%), while FS households used piped water on premises (89.6%) and private toilets (98.3%). IS respondents had higher average hand-washing scores than those of FS (0.04 vs. -0.14, = 0.02). The overall U5D prevalence was 15.3% (range: 8.6%-24.2%) and was higher in FS than in IS (21.2% vs. 13.4%, respectively, = 0.01). Water storage >12 h was associated with increasing U5D (OR = 1.88, 95% CI 1.00-3.55, = 0.05). Water treatment (OR = 0.57, 95%CI 0.34-0.97, = 0.04), good hand-washing practices (OR = 0.59, 95%CI 0.42-0.82, = 0.002) and Hepatitis A vaccination (OR = 0.51, 95%CI 0.28-0.9, = 0.02) had significant preventing effects on U5D.
CONCLUSIONS
The study highlights that good hygiene practice is a key intervention against U5D in informal settlements. The promotion of hand-washing, proper water storage, and hygienic breastfeeding is highly recommended.
背景
在低收入社区中，五岁以下儿童（U5D）腹泻与水使用、环境卫生、个人卫生以及社会经济因素之间的关联数据有限。本研究在南非开普敦的泽科伊流域调查了 U5D 以及相关的风险因素。
方法
2017 年 3 月至 6 月期间，在六个非正规住区（IS）和两个正规住区（FS）的 707 户家庭中进行了横断面研究。
结果
大多数 IS 家庭使用公共水龙头（74.4%）和共用厕所（93.0%），而 FS 家庭则在住所使用管道水（89.6%）和私人厕所（98.3%）。IS 受访者的平均洗手得分高于 FS 受访者（0.04 与-0.14， = 0.02）。U5D 的总体患病率为 15.3%（范围：8.6%-24.2%），FS 高于 IS（21.2%与 13.4%， = 0.01）。水储存时间>12 小时与 U5D 增加相关（OR = 1.88，95%CI 1.00-3.55， = 0.05）。水的处理（OR = 0.57，95%CI 0.34-0.97， = 0.04）、良好的洗手习惯（OR = 0.59，95%CI 0.42-0.82， = 0.002）和甲型肝炎疫苗接种（OR = 0.51，95%CI 0.28-0.9， = 0.02）对 U5D 有显著的预防作用。
结论
本研究表明，良好的卫生习惯是控制非正规住区 U5D 的关键干预措施。强烈建议推广洗手、适当的储水和卫生的母乳喂养。
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