Siemann Justin K, Grueter Brad A, McMahon Douglas G
Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.
Neuroscience. 2021 Mar 1;457:220-234. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.12.010. Epub 2020 Dec 30.
Circadian disruptions, along with altered affective and reward states, are commonly associated with psychiatric disorders. In addition to genetics, the enduring influence of environmental factors in programming neural networks is of increased interest in assessing the underpinnings of mental health. The duration of daylight or photoperiod is known to impact both the serotonin and dopamine systems, which are implicated in mood and reward-based disorders. This review first examines the effects of circadian disruption and photoperiod in the serotonin system in both human and preclinical studies. We next highlight how brain regions crucial for the serotoninergic system (i.e., dorsal raphe nucleus; DRN), and dopaminergic (i.e., nucleus accumbens; NAc and ventral tegmental area; VTA) system are intertwined in overlapping circuitry, and play influential roles in the pathology of mood and reward-based disorders. We then focus on human and animal studies that demonstrate the impact of circadian factors on the dopaminergic system. Lastly, we discuss how environmental factors such as circadian photoperiod can impact the neural circuits that are responsible for regulating affective and reward states, offering novel insights into the biological mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology, systems, and therapeutic treatments necessary for mood and reward-based disorders.
昼夜节律紊乱，连同情感和奖赏状态的改变，通常与精神疾病相关。除了遗传因素外，环境因素在神经网络编程中的持久影响在评估心理健康的基础方面越来越受到关注。已知日照时长或光周期会影响血清素和多巴胺系统，而这两个系统都与情绪和基于奖赏的疾病有关。本综述首先在人体和临床前研究中考察昼夜节律紊乱和光周期对血清素系统的影响。接下来，我们将强调血清素能系统（即中缝背核；DRN）和多巴胺能系统（即伏隔核；NAc和腹侧被盖区；VTA）至关重要的脑区是如何在重叠的神经回路中相互交织的，以及它们在情绪和基于奖赏的疾病病理过程中所起的影响作用。然后，我们将重点关注证明昼夜节律因素对多巴胺能系统影响的人体和动物研究。最后，我们将讨论诸如昼夜光周期等环境因素如何影响负责调节情感和奖赏状态的神经回路，为基于情绪和奖赏的疾病的病理生理学、系统和治疗所需的生物学机制提供新的见解。
