Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr. 2020;30(5):391-410. doi: 10.1615/CritRevEukaryotGeneExpr.2020035372.
Noncoding RNAs are a cluster of RNAs that do not encode functional proteins. Instead, they are incorporated into DNA structure and regulate gene expression. Of these two classes, transfer RNAs (tRNAs) belong to the former, and small RNAs (sRNAs) belong to the latter. Recently, tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs/tDRs) were discovered among small noncoding RNAs, as the newly discovered regulatory small RNA. They play a role in pathological and physiological processes, in which gene expression is frequently dysregulated. TsRNAs can be bound to Argonaute proteins and Piwi proteins, such as miRNAs and piRNAs sequentially.
In initial searches, 2,744 articles were identified with the following literature databases, up to February 25, 2020: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Finally, after full-text assessment, 48 articles were identified that are related to gene expression profiling of tsRNA in cancer.
The development of cancer biomarkers based on noncoding RNAs is a thriving area of biomedical research that has expanded significantly. Currently, several groups of tsRNA/tDR biomarkers should be considered in updating the latest findings.
In this systematic review, we summarized the most recent findings related to the expression of tsRNAs in 17 cancer types. We suggested that use of tsRNAs in the cancer field attracted researcher focus and facilitated diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
非编码 RNA 是一组不编码功能蛋白的 RNA。相反，它们被整合到 DNA 结构中并调节基因表达。在这两类中，转移 RNA（tRNA）属于前者，而小 RNA（sRNA）属于后者。最近，在小非编码 RNA 中发现了 tRNA 衍生的小 RNA（tsRNA/tDRs），作为新发现的调节性小 RNA。它们在病理和生理过程中发挥作用，其中基因表达经常失调。tsRNA 可以与 Argonaute 蛋白和 Piwi 蛋白结合，如 miRNA 和 piRNA 依次结合。
在最初的搜索中，截至 2020 年 2 月 25 日，使用以下文献数据库确定了 2744 篇文章：PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、Scopus 和 Google Scholar。最后，经过全文评估，确定了 48 篇与癌症中 tsRNA 基因表达谱相关的文章。
基于非编码 RNA 的癌症生物标志物的开发是一个蓬勃发展的生物医学研究领域，该领域已经有了显著的扩展。目前，应该考虑几组 tsRNA/tDR 生物标志物来更新最新的发现。
在本系统综述中，我们总结了最近在 17 种癌症类型中与 tsRNA 表达相关的最发现。我们建议在癌症领域使用 tsRNA 引起了研究人员的关注，并促进了诊断和治疗方法的发展。
