Matsuoka Yoshihiro, Mori Naoki
Fukui Prefectural University Yoshida Fukui Japan.
Crop Evolution Graduate School of Agricultural Science Kobe University Kobe Japan.
Ecol Evol. 2020 Dec 2;10(24):13926-13937. doi: 10.1002/ece3.6985. eCollection 2020 Dec.
Common wheat ( L., AABBDD genome) is thought to have emerged through natural hybridization between L. (AABB genome) and Coss. (DD genome). Hybridization barriers and doubling of the trihaploid F hybrids' genome (ABD) via unreduced gamete fusion had key roles in the process. However, how , the maternal progenitor, was involved in these mechanisms remains unknown. An artificial cross-experiment using 46 cultivated and 31 wild accessions and a single tester with a very short genetic distance to the common wheat D genome was conducted. Cytological and quantitative trait locus analyses of F hybrid genome doubling were performed. The crossability and ability to cause hybrid inviability did not greatly differ between the cultivars and wild accessions. The ability to cause hybrid genome doubling was higher in the cultivars. Three novel loci for hybrid genome doubling, which influenced unreduced gamete production in F hybrids, were identified. Cultivated might have increased the probability of the emergence of common wheat through its enhanced ability to cause genome doubling in F hybrids with . The ability enhancement might have involved alterations at a relatively small number of loci.
普通小麦（L.，AABBDD基因组）被认为是通过L.（AABB基因组）和Coss.（DD基因组）之间的自然杂交而产生的。杂交障碍以及通过未减数配子融合使三倍体F杂种（ABD）的基因组加倍在这一过程中起到了关键作用。然而，作为母本祖先的L.如何参与这些机制仍然未知。利用46份栽培种和31份野生L.材料以及一个与普通小麦D基因组遗传距离非常短的单一测试品种进行了人工杂交实验。对F杂种基因组加倍进行了细胞学和数量性状位点分析。栽培种和野生材料在杂交亲和性和导致杂种不育的能力方面没有很大差异。栽培种导致杂种基因组加倍的能力更高。鉴定出了三个影响F杂种中未减数配子产生的新的L.基因组加倍位点。栽培L.可能通过其增强的使与L.杂交的F杂种基因组加倍的能力，增加了普通小麦出现的概率。这种能力增强可能涉及相对少数位点的改变。
