Fromant Aymeric, Bost Charles-André, Bustamante Paco, Carravieri Alice, Cherel Yves, Delord Karine, Eizenberg Yonina H, Miskelly Colin M, Arnould John P Y
School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia.
Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 79360 Villiers en Bois, France.
R Soc Open Sci. 2020 Nov 18;7(11):200670. doi: 10.1098/rsos.200670. eCollection 2020 Nov.
The non-breeding period plays a major role in seabird survival and population dynamics. However, our understanding of the migratory behaviour, moulting and feeding strategies of non-breeding seabirds is still very limited, especially for small-sized species. The present study investigated the post-breeding behaviour of three distant populations (Kerguelen Archipelago, southeastern Australia, New Zealand) of the common diving petrel (CDP) (), an abundant, widely distributed zooplanktivorous seabird breeding throughout the southern Atlantic, Indian and Pacific oceans. The timing, geographical destination and activity pattern of birds were quantified through geolocator deployments during the post-breeding migration, while moult pattern of body feathers was investigated using stable isotope analysis. Despite the high energetic cost of flapping flight, all the individuals quickly travelled long distances (greater than approx. 2500 km) after the end of the breeding season, targeting oceanic frontal systems. The three populations, however, clearly diverged spatially (migration pathways and destinations), and temporally (timing and duration) in their post-breeding movements, as well as in their period of moult. Philopatry to distantly separated breeding grounds, different breeding phenologies and distinct post-breeding destinations suggest that the CDP populations have a high potential for isolation, and hence, speciation. These results contribute to improving knowledge of ecological divergence and evolution between populations, and inform the challenges of conserving migratory species.
非繁殖期在海鸟生存和种群动态中起着重要作用。然而，我们对非繁殖期海鸟的迁徙行为、换羽和觅食策略的了解仍然非常有限，尤其是对于小型物种。本研究调查了普通潜海燕（CDP）三个远距离种群（克尔格伦群岛、澳大利亚东南部、新西兰）的繁殖后行为，普通潜海燕是一种数量丰富、分布广泛的浮游生物食性海鸟，在整个南大西洋、印度洋和太平洋繁殖。通过在繁殖后迁徙期间部署地理定位器来量化鸟类的时间、地理目的地和活动模式，同时使用稳定同位素分析来研究体羽的换羽模式。尽管扑翼飞行的能量消耗很高，但所有个体在繁殖季节结束后都迅速长途迁徙（超过约2500公里），目标是海洋锋面系统。然而，这三个种群在繁殖后的移动以及换羽时期在空间上（迁徙路径和目的地）和时间上（时间和持续时间）明显不同。对远距离繁殖地的留居性、不同的繁殖物候和独特的繁殖后目的地表明，普通潜海燕种群具有很高的隔离潜力，因此也具有物种形成的潜力。这些结果有助于提高对种群间生态分化和进化的认识，并为保护迁徙物种所面临挑战提供信息。
