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相隔半个世界?大西洋和印度洋细纹凤头燕鸥非繁殖分布区的重叠

Half a world apart? Overlap in nonbreeding distributions of Atlantic and Indian Ocean thin-billed prions.

作者信息

Quillfeldt Petra, Cherel Yves, Masello Juan F, Delord Karine, McGill Rona A R, Furness Robert W, Moodley Yoshan, Weimerskirch Henri

机构信息

Justus Liebig University Giessen, Department of Animal Ecology and Systematics, 35392, Giessen, Germany; Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, UMR 7372 CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, 79360, Villiers-en-Bois, France.

Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, UMR 7372 CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, 79360, Villiers-en-Bois, France.

出版信息

PLoS One. 2015 May 27;10(5):e0125007. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125007. eCollection 2015.

Abstract

Distant populations of animals may share their non-breeding grounds or migrate to distinct areas, and this may have important consequences for population differentiation and dynamics. Small burrow-nesting seabirds provide a suitable case study, as they are often restricted to safe breeding sites on islands, resulting in a patchy breeding distribution. For example, Thin-billed prions Pachyptila belcheri have two major breeding colonies more than 8,000 km apart, on the Falkland Islands in the south-western Atlantic and in the Kerguelen Archipelago in the Indian Ocean. We used geolocators and stable isotopes to compare at-sea movements and trophic levels of these two populations during their non-breeding season, and applied ecological niche models to compare environmental conditions in the habitat. Over three winters, birds breeding in the Atlantic showed a high consistency in their migration routes. Most individuals migrated more than 3000 km eastwards, while very few remained over the Patagonian Shelf. In contrast, all Indian Ocean birds migrated westwards, resulting in an overlapping nonbreeding area in the eastern Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean. Geolocators and isotopic signature of feathers indicated that prions from the Falklands moulted at slightly higher latitudes than those from Kerguelen Islands. All birds fed on low trophic level prey, most probably crustaceans. The phenology differed notably between the two populations. Falkland birds returned to the Patagonian Shelf after 2-3 months, while Kerguelen birds remained in the nonbreeding area for seven months, before returning to nesting grounds highly synchronously and at high speed. Habitat models identified sea surface temperature and chlorophyll a concentration as important environmental parameters. In summary, we show that even though the two very distant populations migrate to roughly the same area to moult, they have distinct wintering strategies: They had significantly different realized niches and timing which may contribute to spatial niche partitioning.

摘要

远距离的动物种群可能共享其非繁殖地,或迁徙到不同的区域,这可能对种群分化和动态产生重要影响。小型洞穴筑巢海鸟提供了一个合适的案例研究,因为它们通常局限于岛屿上安全的繁殖地点,导致繁殖分布呈斑块状。例如,细纹锯鹱(Pachyptila belcheri)在西南大西洋的福克兰群岛和印度洋的凯尔盖朗群岛有两个主要繁殖群体,相距超过8000公里。我们使用地理定位器和稳定同位素来比较这两个种群在非繁殖季节的海上活动和营养级,并应用生态位模型来比较栖息地的环境条件。在三个冬天里,在大西洋繁殖的鸟类迁徙路线高度一致。大多数个体向东迁徙超过3000公里,而很少有个体留在巴塔哥尼亚大陆架上。相比之下,所有印度洋的鸟类都向西迁徙,导致在南大洋东部大西洋区域出现重叠的非繁殖区。地理定位器和羽毛的同位素特征表明,来自福克兰群岛的锯鹱比来自凯尔盖朗群岛的锯鹱在略高的纬度换羽。所有鸟类都以低营养级猎物为食,很可能是甲壳类动物。两个种群的物候差异显著。福克兰群岛的鸟类在2 - 3个月后返回巴塔哥尼亚大陆架,而凯尔盖朗群岛的鸟类在非繁殖区停留7个月,然后高度同步且高速地返回筑巢地。栖息地模型确定海表面温度和叶绿素a浓度为重要的环境参数。总之,我们表明,尽管这两个相距甚远的种群迁徙到大致相同的区域换羽,但它们有不同的越冬策略:它们的实际生态位和时间显著不同,这可能有助于空间生态位划分。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6f58/4446212/5bc1da62b120/pone.0125007.g001.jpg

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