Hallfrisch J, Steele P, Hoehner S C, Kim W, Mertz W, Reiser S
Gerontology Research Center, Department of Health and Human Services, Baltimore, Maryland.
J Am Diet Assoc. 1988 Feb;88(2):163-8, 171.
For 13 weeks, 20 men (aged 23 to 56), 19 premenopausal (aged 21 to 48), and 14 postmenopausal women (aged 49 to 65) consumed a 7-day rotation menu conforming to dietary recommendations of several research and health organizations. The diets were designed to make minimal changes in the standard American diet by the use of well-accepted normal foods. The average daily composition of the diet was 50% carbohydrate (complex 35%, simple 15%), 35% fat (P:S 0.7), and 15% protein; it contained 100 mg cholesterol, 1 gm sodium, and 14.5 gm neutral detergent fiber per 1,000 kcal. The acceptability of the menus was examined through questionnaires administered after the experimental diet period. Subjects rated the menus and individual foods and made recommendations for improvement of the menus. Most subjects (33 of 41 responding) rated the menu better than or almost as good as their usual diet. Few (9) were ever hungry during the 13-week period. During the study, a number of biochemical parameters were measured; the measurements indicated beneficial results. Blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and glucose responses were all improved after consumption of the menu. The results indicate that with minimal changes in the normal U.S. diet, acceptable menus that have beneficial effects on risk factors for heart disease and diabetes can be developed.
在13周的时间里，20名男性（年龄在23至56岁之间）、19名绝经前女性（年龄在21至48岁之间）和14名绝经后女性（年龄在49至65岁之间）食用了一份符合多个研究和健康组织饮食建议的7天轮换菜单。这些饮食通过使用广为人知的普通食物，旨在使标准美国饮食的变化最小化。饮食的平均每日成分是50%碳水化合物（复合碳水化合物35%，简单碳水化合物15%）、35%脂肪（多不饱和脂肪酸与饱和脂肪酸比例为0.7）和15%蛋白质；每1000千卡含有100毫克胆固醇、1克钠和14.5克中性洗涤纤维。在实验饮食期结束后，通过问卷调查来检验菜单的可接受性。受试者对菜单和单个食物进行评分，并对菜单的改进提出建议。大多数受试者（41名受访者中的33名）认为该菜单比他们平常的饮食更好或几乎一样好。在这13周期间很少有人（9人）感到饥饿。在研究过程中，测量了一些生化参数；测量结果显示出有益的效果。食用该菜单后，血压、胆固醇水平和血糖反应均有所改善。结果表明，在正常美国饮食变化最小的情况下，可以制定出对心脏病和糖尿病风险因素有有益影响的可接受菜单。
