Mitchell Peter, Sheppard Elizabeth, Cassidy Sarah
School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, UK.
School of Psychology, University of Bradford, UK.
Br J Dev Psychol. 2021 Mar;39(1):1-18. doi: 10.1111/bjdp.12350. Epub 2021 Jan 4.
This article proposes a link between autistic people being misperceived by the neurotypical majority and their being at risk of poor mental health and well-being. We present a transactional account of development in which the misperceptions (and consequent behaviour) of the neurotypical majority influences the perceptions and behaviour of autistic people such that they become increasingly separate and indeed isolated from mainstream society. This jeopardizes their mental health and prevents autistic people from developing to full potential. The situation is not only problematical for the development of autistic people but is also to the detriment of wider society, in so far as autistic people are effectively prevented from contributing fully. This account assumes that some (not necessarily all) autistic people yearn to be included, to be productive and to be useful. It thus directly opposes accounts that view autism as an extreme case of diminished social motivation.
本文提出，神经典型多数群体对自闭症患者的误解与他们心理健康状况不佳和幸福感缺失的风险之间存在联系。我们提出了一种发展的交互作用理论，即神经典型多数群体的误解（以及随之而来的行为）会影响自闭症患者的认知和行为，使他们越来越与主流社会分离甚至隔绝。这危及他们的心理健康，阻碍自闭症患者充分发挥潜力。这种情况不仅对自闭症患者的发展构成问题，而且对更广泛的社会也有损害，因为自闭症患者实际上被有效地阻止了充分做出贡献。该理论假设一些（不一定是所有）自闭症患者渴望被接纳、有生产力并发挥作用。因此，它直接反对将自闭症视为社会动机减弱的极端情况的观点。
