Institute of Theoretical and Physical Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Strasse 38, 67056 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany.
Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2021 Jan 21;23(2):1381-1391. doi: 10.1039/d0cp05491g.
Amphiphilic molecules (e.g. hydrotropes) that enhance the solubility of hydrophobic compounds in water are often charged. As a result, such compounds also show specific ion effects. These effects can either strengthen or weaken the solubilisation power of amphiphilic molecules, depending on their degree of ion hydration. They can even prevail and transform an apparent solubilizer into an "anti-hydrotrope", i.e. a salting-out agent. In the present paper, we discuss this subtle balance between specific (Hofmeister) effects exerted by ionic headgroups and the hydrophobicity of the residual compound structure, including the size of the molecule and the presence of electron-withdrawing groups.
两亲分子（例如增溶剂）能够提高疏水分子在水中的溶解度，这些分子通常带有电荷。因此，这类化合物也表现出特定的离子效应。根据离子水合程度的不同，这些离子效应可能增强或削弱两亲分子的增溶能力，甚至可能占主导地位，并将明显的增溶剂转变为“反增溶剂”，即盐析剂。在本文中，我们将讨论离子头基产生的特定（Hofmeister）效应与剩余化合物结构疏水性之间的这种微妙平衡，包括分子大小和吸电子基团的存在。
