García-Curiel Laura, Del Rocío López-Cuellar Ma, Rodríguez-Hernández Adriana Inés, Chavarría-Hernández Norberto
Cuerpo Académico de Biotecnología Agroalimentaria, Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias-Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Tulancingo de Bravo, México.
World J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2021 Jan 4;37(1):15. doi: 10.1007/s11274-020-02973-5.
Microorganisms have developed quorum sensing (QS) systems to detect small signaling molecules that help to control access to additional nutrients and space in highly competitive polymicrobial niches. Many bacterial processes are QS-regulated; two examples are the highly related traits of the natural genetic competence state and the production of antimicrobial peptides such as bacteriocins. The Streptococcus genus is widely studied for its competence and for its ability to produce bacteriocins, as these antimicrobial peptides have significant potential in the treatment of infections caused by multiple-resistant pathogens, a severe public health issue. The transduction of a two-component system controls competence in streptococci: (1) ComD/E, which controls the competence in the Mitis and Anginosus groups, and (2) ComR/S, which performs the same function in the Bovis, Mutans, Salivarius, and Pyogenic groups. The cell-to-cell communication required for bacteriocin production in the Streptococcus groups is controlled mainly by a paralog of the ComD/E system. The relationships between pheromone signals and induction pathways are related to the bacteriocin production systems. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in the understanding of signaling and the induction of bacteriocin biosynthesis by QS regulation in streptococci. This information could aid in the design of better methods for the development and production of these antimicrobial peptides. It could also contribute to the analysis and emerging applications of bacteriocins in terms of their safety, quality, and human health benefits.
微生物已经进化出群体感应（QS）系统来检测小信号分子，这些分子有助于在竞争激烈的多微生物生态位中控制获取额外的营养物质和空间。许多细菌过程都受群体感应调控；自然遗传感受态状态和抗菌肽（如细菌素）的产生这两个高度相关的特性就是例子。链球菌属因其感受态和产生细菌素的能力而受到广泛研究，因为这些抗菌肽在治疗由多重耐药病原体引起的感染方面具有巨大潜力，这是一个严重的公共卫生问题。双组分系统的转导控制链球菌的感受态：（1）ComD/E，控制缓症链球菌群和咽峡炎链球菌群的感受态；（2）ComR/S，在牛链球菌群、变形链球菌群、唾液链球菌群和化脓性链球菌群中发挥相同功能。链球菌群中细菌素产生所需的细胞间通讯主要由ComD/E系统的旁系同源物控制。信息素信号与诱导途径之间的关系与细菌素产生系统有关。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了在理解链球菌中群体感应调节信号传导和细菌素生物合成诱导方面的最新进展。这些信息有助于设计更好的方法来开发和生产这些抗菌肽。它还可以促进对细菌素在安全性、质量和对人类健康益处方面的分析及新兴应用。
