Shawahna Ramzi, Zyoud Ahed, Naseef Omar, Muwafi Kamil, Matar Abdullah
Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, New Campus, Building: 19, Office: 1340, P.O. Box 7, Nablus, Palestine.
An-Najah BioSciences Unit, Centre for Poisons Control, Chemical and Biological Analyses, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.
Biol Trace Elem Res. 2021 Dec;199(12):4410-4417. doi: 10.1007/s12011-020-02567-0. Epub 2021 Jan 4.
Saliva is a biofluid that can easily be obtained and used for biomonitoring lead levels in occupationally and environmentally exposed individuals. The aims of this study were to determine salivary lead levels among workers in different industrial areas in the West Bank of Palestine and investigate the association between sociodemographic and occupational characteristics of the workers and their salivary lead levels. Salivary samples were obtained from workers in different industrial areas in metal-free polyethylene tubes. The samples were analyzed for their lead contents using a pre-validated inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometric method. A total of 97 salivary samples were analyzed. The median salivary lead level was 1.84 μg/dL an IQR of 5.04 μg/dL. Salivary lead levels were significantly higher in workers who were 40 years and older (p value = 0.031), had 3 children or more (p value = 0.048), worked in repair workshops (p value = 0.012), worked in industrial areas for 20 years or more (p value = 0.048), did not consume fruits on regular basis (p value = 0.031), and smoked for 30 years or more (p value = 0.013). Multiple linear regression showed that smoking of 30 years old or more was a significant (p value < 0.001) predictor of higher salivary lead levels. Salivary lead levels among workers from different industrial areas of the West Bank were comparable to those occupationally exposed to lead in more industrialized and urbanized areas of the world. Smoking was a predictor of higher salivary lead levels.
唾液是一种生物流体，很容易获取，可用于对职业和环境暴露个体的铅水平进行生物监测。本研究的目的是确定巴勒斯坦西岸不同工业区工人的唾液铅水平，并调查工人的社会人口统计学和职业特征与其唾液铅水平之间的关联。唾液样本通过无金属聚乙烯管从不同工业区的工人处采集。使用预先验证的电感耦合等离子体质谱法分析样本中的铅含量。共分析了97份唾液样本。唾液铅水平中位数为1.84μg/dL，四分位距为5.04μg/dL。40岁及以上的工人（p值 = 0.031）、有3个或更多孩子的工人（p值 = 0.048）、在修理车间工作的工人（p值 = 0.012）、在工业区工作20年或更长时间的工人（p值 = 0.048）、不经常食用水果的工人（p值 = 0.031）以及吸烟30年或更长时间的工人（p值 = 0.013），其唾液铅水平显著更高。多元线性回归显示，吸烟30年及以上是唾液铅水平较高的显著（p值 < 0.001）预测因素。西岸不同工业区工人的唾液铅水平与世界上工业化和城市化程度更高地区职业性接触铅的工人的水平相当。吸烟是唾液铅水平较高的一个预测因素。
